Final Exam - Exam 2 Flashcards
Name two patient scenarios that would be automatic indications for using Parental Nutrition
1) short bowel syndrome
2) GI not functioning/obstruction/traume/EN cannot be bypassed
Define/explain Refeeding Syndrome. Which patients are more likely to experience this? What should be monitored (be specific) to prevent Refeeding syndrome and why?
Refeeding syndrome is going from fat as the main enegy source to higher amounts of glucose. Glucose is taken up with electrolytes from the blood into the cells of the tissues, which can easily lead to death if not caught early
- patients that were previously not eatig are more suceptible
- monitor potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium
T/F acute pancreatitis is an automatic inidcation for TPN initiation
False
Name at least six MNT guidelines for GERD patients
1) avoid large high fat meals
2) eat 2-3 hours before going to bed
3) elevate Head of bed (HOB)
4) avoid drinking
5) avoid smoking
6) avoid acidic and spicy foods
What does IDDSI stand for?
Internation Dyphagia Diet Standardization Initiative
What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?
H. Pylori
Name two foods that inhibit H. Pylori?
Cranberries, ginger
What is the name of the medication that is used to increase GI motility by increasing acetylcholing concentrations in the gut? Hint: many patients with gastroparesis try this medication
Reglan
Which of the following is not included as MNT for dumping syndrome?
a. small, frequent meals
b. lay down after eating
c. limit simple sugars
d. consume ample fluids with meals
e. all of the above are appropriate MNT recs for Dumping syndome
d. consume ample fluids with meals
should actually limit fluids to 4 fl oz
When trying to decrease gas, name five foods that patients should avoid.
Gum, beans, cruciferous vegetables, legumes, dairy
What is the most effective therapy for a Clostridium Difficile infection?
Fecal Matter Transplantation (FMT)
What specific MNT must be followed for life for celiac disease patients? Be specific on what must be avoided. (include which nutrient deficiencies you will check for and supplements that may be needed)?
Avoid gluten, wheat, barley, and rye
- check labels and make sure other foods such as quinoa, arrowroot, or buckwheat aren’t contaminated
- look for deficiencies in iron, and fat soluble vitamins (Vit A, K, D, E)
what is an example of a good breakfast meal for a celiac patient?
Breakfast idea: oats with sliced bananas/bliueberries and chicken sausage on the side
What does FODMAP stand for? What would be an example of a low FODMAP lunch? Which patients should try a low FODMAP diet?
Fermentable aligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols
- Food ex: lactose free yogurt, banana, blueberries, oranges
- Good diet for patients with fructose malabsorption or IBS
Which type of IBD is limited to the large intestine?
a. Crohn’s disease
b. ulceratve colitis
Ulcerative colitis
Which type of IBD often has strictures and fistulas?
a. Crohn’s disease
b. ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
Which type of IBD shows positive benefits to probiotic supplementation?
a. Crohn’s disease
b. ulcerative colitis
ulcerative colitis
T/F patients with diverticular disease must avoid nuts, seeds, berries, and popcorn for life
False
The foods have been proved to be safe and won’t get stuck in the pockets
Which of the following in part of MNT recs for ostomies?
a. high fiber diet for first 4 weeks
b. at least 40% of calories from fat
c. low fiber diet for the first 6-8 weeks
d. limit fluid to 4-6 cups per day
c. low fiber diet for the first 6-8 weeks
Explain how excess alcohol consumption can cause malnutrition. What vitamins are likely to be deficient? Be specific.
- people replace food with alcohol
- limited utilization of fat and carbs
- vitamin deficiencies: thiamin, folate, B6, iron
T/F fatty liver is reversible
True
What does MASLD stand for?
Metabolic Associated Stetotic Liver Disease
What vitamin has been show to be effective for treatment of MASLD?
Vitamin E
T/F patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy need to consume higher levels of BCAA (branch chain amino acids) to help alleviate symptoms
False
T/F a plant-based diet has proven to be preventative against Gallbladder Disease
True
Which of the following should be included in Chronic Cholelithiasis MNT?
a. low fat
b. weight reduction, if warranted
c. water soluble forms of fat-soluble vitamins
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Name four things included in MNT recs for pacreatitis
1) if patient is unable to eat for 5-7 days, may start EN
2) 25-35 kcals
3) 1.2-1.5 g/kg protein
4) restrict complex carbs, high fat
5) decrease fiber
What is the name of the sedation medication that is suspended in lipid solution?
Propifol
