Final Exam: Insecticides

Question 1

insecticides are

Answer 1

substances used to control insects

Question 2

3 types of insecticides

Answer 2

adulticides, larvicides, ovicides

Question 3

types of nerve poisons and their corresponding numbers

Answer 3

synaptic poisons - neurotransmitters-chemical and receptors (1,5)

axonic poisons- (action potential-electrical) channel blockers (2,3)

physiological poisons - IGRs (7); microbial gut disruptors (11); chitin synthesis disruptors (17)

Question 4

group 1 insecticide

Answer 4

synaptic poisons - chemical messengers; quick breakdown; broad spectrum

Question 5

group 2 insecticides

Answer 5

stable; medium to high mammal toxicity; cattle ear tags

Question 6

group 3 insecticide

Answer 6

major group- last longer; stable; medium spectrum; low to medium mammalian toxicity; quick knockdown

Question 7

group 5 insecticide

Answer 7

limited spectrum (flies and lice) fermentation products produced by a soil bacterium; rapid degradation in sunlight; low mammalian toxicity

Question 8

how do nerve poisons kill insects?

Answer 8

paralysis; dehydration; starvation

Question 9

group 6 insecticides

Answer 9

fermentation products produced by a soil bacterium - active against some insects, ticks, and roundworm intestinal parasites

Question 10

group 7 insecticides

Answer 10

insect growth regulators

Question 11

group 11 insecticides

Answer 11

microbial gut disruptor - stomach poison

control of mosquito and black fly larvae

Question 12

group 17 insecticide

Answer 12

chitin synthesis inhibitor larvadex in feed or manure spray

treated pupae are more slender and elongate

Question 13

***which order has the greatest # of resistance of the most insecticides?

Answer 13

diptera

Question 14

resistance has been a growing problem since

Answer 14

1950 - about the time insecticides started being used

Question 15

multivoltine

Answer 15

have several generations in a year

Question 16

4 main types of resistance

Answer 16

*metabolic
*target site
behavioral
reduced absorption

Question 17

metabolic resistance

Answer 17

detoxify insecticide - greater amount or more efficient

Question 18

target site resistance

Answer 18

prevents binding - wont let ions go through channel

Question 19

behavioral resistance

Answer 19

hyper-irritable response - avoidance of treated surfaces; group 3: pyrethroids –> irritating and don’t pick up enough to be killed b/c they leave so quickly

Question 20

reduced absorption

Answer 20

slower uptake - often paired with another factor - exoskeleton prevents it from entering as well

Question 21

resistance

Answer 21

decreased susceptibility of a species to a class(es) of insecticides

Question 22

cross resistance

Answer 22

individuals resistant to one class of insecticides also are resistant to members of another class, even though they have not been exposed to it

Question 23

confirming resistance

Answer 23

timed exposures; specific doses; enzyme/genetic studies; compare to susceptible population

Question 24

why are horn flies resistant

Answer 24

amount of time on host; short life cycle (lets the resistant individual build up in #’s); high use of sustained release insecticidal ear tags; limited insecticide types in ear tags - less rotation (build up resistance; applying tags too early or not removing tags at en of season