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Entomology > Exam 1: TCF, ticks vs. mites, & lice > Flashcards

Exam 1: TCF, ticks vs. mites, & lice Flashcards

1
Q

texas cattle fever was the first time people realized arthropods could

A

spread diseases

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2
Q

northern cattle showed these symptoms weeks after southern cattle passed through

A

red urine (hemoglobin) “redwater” fever
high fever, loss of appetite, respiratory distress, death in a week
95% mortality
within about 10 miles of trail drive

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3
Q

what year did tcf kill 15,000 illinois cattle that were mixed with texas cattle?

A

1868

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4
Q

identified disease causing bacteria - germ theory

A

1880’s Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur

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5
Q

in 1893 theobald smith

A

isolated a protozoan from cattle blood that destroyed rbc’s - cause identified but didn’t know how it got there

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6
Q

transovarial transmission

A

disease was passed from infected mothers to their offspring through the egg stage - offspring could transmit the disease without feeding on infected cattle

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7
Q

TCF tick is what type of vector

A

biological

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8
Q

mechanical vector

A

carries on body or mouthpart

ex. housefly, cockroach

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9
Q

Had partial immunity to TCF

A

texas calves

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10
Q

spread ticks but did not get the tcf disease

A

deer

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11
Q

tcf develops in and destroys the

A

red blood cells

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12
Q

in ticks, the protozoa of tcf occurs in

A

ovaries - moves to egg and salivary glands

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13
Q

tick eggs take how long to hatch?

A

30-270 days

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14
Q

what is the significance in knowing how long it takes for eggs to hatch

A

know how to manage/eradicate & deal with disease

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15
Q

used to dip cattle in arsenic - easy and totally covers animal

A

dip vat

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16
Q

tick control program

A

dip cattle AND treat pasture

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17
Q

when did the tcf tick eradication program start and what was it

A

1916

500 mile-long zone from Del Rio to Brownsville that was several 100 yards - 10 miles wide

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18
Q

significance of 1943

A

TCF eradication program declared successful

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19
Q

tick riders

A

patrol quarantine zone

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20
Q

scratching

A

scratch skin of entire animal from head to tail before movement out of zone (all cattle must be scratched, declared tick free, and dipped)

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21
Q

quarantine ranches

A

IF boophilus ticks are found on cattle: premises are considered infested and quarantined
cattle on all adjacent ranches are scratched

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22
Q

options for infested ranches

A

leave on infested pasture, scratch and dip every 14d for 9 months (max hatch time)
must have 2 successive clean dippings 10-14d apart - no ticks found prior to dip hen pasture vacated 6-9 mo

acaracide dip every 14 ds schedule

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23
Q

other tick control practices

A

prescribed pasture burning
brush management (get rid of growth where ticks would like to live)
wildlife management plan - deer
self-treatment devices (4 poster deer thing)

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24
Q

potential reasons for TCF resurgence 2007-08

A

reduced funding - fewer tick riders = more ticks getting through

increased rainfall and milder inters = tick survival (ticks need moisture and warmth to survive)

less dipping more pasture “resting” (deer can be wandering through carrying and dropping off ticks)

reduced tick management in Mexico - there is resistance there

cancelled products - acaricide resistant ticks, fewer control options

increased populations of secondary hosts white-tailed deer, nigal antelope

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25
brown dog ticks like to live
indoors, puff dust around cracks and crevices
26
endemic
something common to an area but doesn't really cause a problem; occurs at a predictable level in an area
27
epidemic
widespread occurrence, many cases, rapid spread
28
zoonosis
infectious disease transferred between wild or domestic animals and humans
29
the name for what is shed during molting
exuvia
30
movement seen really well with this type of eye
compound
31
spider that hides in cracks and moves and hunts at night
brown recluse
32
hangs upside down and waits for prey; venom affects nerves
black widow
33
exoskeleton ridges
scorpion
34
most stages larger, there are teeth on the hypostome
ticks
35
ticks and mites are in the order
acharida
36
small, most are microscopic, no teeth on the hypostome!
mites
37
mites have how many body regions
1; sac like body -head + thorax & abdomen
38
5 parasitic mite groups
1) burrowing mange mites (scabies) 2) non-burrowing mange mites 3) ear mites 4) demodectic or follicle mites 5) ectoparasitic mites
39
tissue damage or dermatitis; feed on blood or other fluids; produce allergic reactions; increase stress/reduced performance; create conditions for secondary infections; transfer pathogens; and damage hides or fleece are all
impacts of parasitic mites
40
parasitic mites usually are most severe on animals
under stress, in poor condition, with poor nutrition, or reduced immune response
41
mites go through what type of metamorphosis
gradual
42
any skin condition caused by a mite
mange
43
obligate parasites are
parasites that have to be parasites or they would die - mange mites
44
mange mites are spread by direct contact or on
fomites - non-living object that could carry a parasite
45
skin condition associated with irritation and scratching
mange - caused by mites
46
could feed on something else if the hose wasn't around
facultative parastes
47
a serious, debilitating form of mange, reportable, quarantined
scabies
48
NIT
louse egg
49
survival rate of scabies mite
24-36 hrs off host
50
burrowing mange mite has 7-host adapted varieties that do not infect other species; these 7 are
``` horses cattle sheep goats swine dogs fox ```
51
burrowing (mange) mites are known as
asymptomatic carriers - keep infestation going in herd no visible symptoms
52
scabies mites prefer what parts of the body
hairless
53
diagnosis for scabies mites
deep skin scraping that cause blood to ooze microscopic exam blood test for scabies - detects antibodies to mites
54
non-burrowing mange mites feed on
lymph, skin scales, and debris and usually live at edge of yellow crusty areas
55
most serious scab mite
psoroptic mange
56
psoroptic mange is found on
sheep, cattle, horses
57
these mites prefer hairy regions
psoroptic
58
pierce skin suck lymph fluid causing itchiness on back, shoulders, and sides; infestations are associated with scabbing and crusting and secondary bacterial infections
psoroptic mange
59
chorioptic mange
found on cattle, horses, goats, sheep | legs and base of tail are preferred sites
60
diagnosis for psoroptic and chorioptic mange
shallow scrapings at edge of crusted areas followed by microscopic examination
61
reasons for increased mange problems
increased livestock rate absence of regulations for ectoparasite control in international trade intensive production systems irregular ectoparasite control programs
62
mite control problems
live in inaccessible areas (under thick scabs and crusts) hard to evaluate control success thorough spray coverage or dipping required follow up inspections and treatments needed to control mites not killed or in egg stage
63
otodectes cynotis
carnivore ear mites
64
psoroptes cuniculi
ear mites in rabbits, horses, sheep, and cattle
65
ear mite detection
examine ear scraping or oil soaked swabs
66
ear mite treatment
topical insecticide/antibiotics
67
elongate mites that live in hair follicles or oil glands | severe when immune system compromises
demodex or follicle mites
68
demodex or follicle mites are found where on dogs?
face and paws
69
demodex or follicle mites are treated by
deep skin scraping
70
human follicle mites are usually on
forehead, cheek, eye lashes, around nose
71
ectoparasitic mites
northern fowl mite chicken roost mite rodent mite
72
most important external parasite of caged poultry
norther fowl mite
73
northern fowl mite life cycle
5-7 days spent on host
74
when infested with this mite, anemia can be severe and can reduce egg production 10-15%
northern fowl mite
75
examples of rodent mites
chiggers or redbugs
76
chicken mite Vs. NFM on bird during the
night; day and night
77
chicken vs. nfm feeding site
anywhere on skin; mostly around vent area
78
chicken vs. nfm : where are the eggs laid
off birds; on skin and feathers
79
chicken vs. nfm : source
wild birds, new birds, transport cages wild or new birds
80
chicken vs. nfm : survival off hosts
up to 8 mo; up to 3 wks
81
where do chiggers feed
6-legged larval stages feed on animals and humans adults feed on very small arthropods feed at hair follicle - do NOT bury in skin feed where clothing is tight drop off when full
82
effects of a chigger bite
skin around bite turns hard, itches do not carry diseases, but bites can become infected
83
Class insecta/hexapoda
1 pair antennae, 3 pairs of legs, 3 main body regions
84
small but visible, flattened body, grasping claws, wingless, obligate ectoparasites, often narrow specific feeding area
lice
85
mallophaga
biting lice
86
anoplura
sucking lice
87
wide triangular head; jaws; feed on feathers, hair, skin flakes,; move fast & freely
biting lice
88
norrow pointed head; tube-like mouthparts withdrawn into head; blood feeder from vessels; slow moving
sucking lice
89
lice life cycle
gradual metamorphosis egg-->nymph--> adult (~30 d) all stages on host
90
lice prefer what weather
cold, cool seasons
91
lice transferred by
direct contact
92
impacts/responses of lice
``` excessive rubbing, grooming, dusting increased susceptibility to disease restlessness poor feed conversion efficiency anemia (sucking) ```
93
host factors that affect lice
skin characteristics- sebacous glands body surface temp strength of immune response reduced grooming behavior (males, older animals)
94
lice management factors
crowding; poor nutrition; stress; additions to hers; poor fencing
95
cattle lice
50% infected ~2% severe
96
cattle biting louse feed where
on skin cells; base of tail, backline, shoulders
97
common cattle lice
short nosed - mostly adult beef catle - ears, dewlap, and brisket long nosed - mostly on calves - no site preference little blue - mostly on head, face, jaw - rarely moved,
98
sucking hog louse
feed in tender areas; frequently
99
horse lice
~5% of pastured horses with visible infestations in the winter fomites - grooming brushed, blankets, etc can carry hairs with nits
100
lice management
isolate and treat twice - about 2 wks apart (most insecticides do not kill eggs) repair fencing inspect every 2 wks cull carriers
101
lice treatment options
pour-on; spot-on; sprays; oilers

Entomology (10 decks)

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