Final Exam: fleas and climate changes

Question 1

flea characteristics

Answer 1

vision important, flattened laterally, great jumpers, piercing-sucking mouthparts, feed on blood of mammals

Question 2

siphon

Answer 2

tube

Question 3

aptera

Answer 3

w/o wings

Question 4

flea impacts

Answer 4

annoyance to animals and humans; host of dog tapeworm; flea allergy dermatitis (hypersensitive to antigenic compounds in flea saliva)

Question 5

proglottids

Answer 5

tapeworm segments

Question 6

dog flea hosts

Answer 6

calves, goats, sheep, swine, opossum, raccoon, skunk, coyote, fox, bobcat

Question 7

flea life cycle

Answer 7

eggs (18 days at room temp)–>larvae–> pupae–>adult

Question 8

flea egg laying strategies

Answer 8

20-50 dry eggs laid on host, usually at night
60% drop off within 2 hrs
hatch in 2-5 days
eggs accumulate where animals sleep or spend a lot of time

Question 9

flea larvae

Answer 9

distinct head - chewing mouthparts
legless - scattered long thin bristles
feed on dried blood and flea excrement
>80% of fleas develop at base of carpets in home

Question 10

where do adults develop

Answer 10

in silk cocoon - protected

mechanical pressure and heat stimulates emergence

Question 11

past health issue that had to do with fleas

Answer 11

bubonic plague “black death” carried by rats

Question 12

grooming affect on survival rate

Answer 12

85% survival when host grooming is restricted

Question 13

what type of feeders are fleas

Answer 13

capillary; injected saliva promotes blood flow
very itchy
females cain a lot of weight

Question 14

flea transfer

Answer 14

direct transfer low

infestation more likly from newly - emerged fleas

Question 15

host location by fleas

Answer 15

visual , dark moving object vs light background, thermal,

Question 16

flea winter survival

Answer 16

on wild and domestic animals

cant survive more than 5 days under 30 degrees

Question 17

flea surveillance

Answer 17

visual sampling, hand vacuuming,

Question 18

flea pyramid

Answer 18

leas that are on pets are a very small population that are in house or structure (5%)
pupae (10%); larvae (35%); eggs (50%)

Question 19

classic flea control

Answer 19

insecticide applied to animal and indoor (most important) also outdoor

Question 20

home flea control

Answer 20

sanitation; insecticides; IGR; chitin inhibitors

Question 21

flea control failures

Answer 21

only pet, poor insecticide penetration into carpets; lack of vacuuming

Question 22

dog tapeworm life cycle

Answer 22

adult ingested by dog–> adult worms develop in small intestine –> last segments of tapeworm passe din feces or exit –> segments and egg packets in feces and on fur –> eggs eaten by flea larvae –> adult flea contains immature tapeworm

Question 23

potential effets of climate change on arthropod-borne diseases

Answer 23

abundance and geographical distribution of vectors and vertebrate hosts/reservoirs
vector survival and longevity
vector development
changes in land use patterns

Question 24

climate change and endemic species

Answer 24

expanded range - overwinter further north; earlier in spring and later in fall; larger populations (more generations of multivoltine insects)

Question 25

expanded range

Answer 25

over a 60 year period, every 10 years moving north a certain amount because the warmer weather allows them to survive

Question 26

cattle grub treatment window

Answer 26

if you treat too late they’re in the wrong place

Question 27

weeks of potential virus transmission by mosquitoes

Answer 27

virus transmitted by mosquitoes

as the temp goes up the longer amt of weeks = the more weeks you could be infected

Question 28

invasive species

Answer 28

exotic- not native to the ecosystem where found

capable of causing environmental, economic, or human harm

Question 29

successful invasive species

Answer 29

tolerate a variety of habitat cond’s
grow and reproduce rapidly
compete aggressively for resources
lack natural enemies or pests in the new ecosystem

Question 30

invasive species means of entry

Answer 30

wind current; birds; cattle/wildlife movement, importation; intentional by bioterrorists

Question 31

rift valley fever

Answer 31

high abortion rates in animals, some deaths
unknown effect on milk/meat production or trade restrictions - even if your area is not affected
detection methods and vaccine productions

Question 32

diseases that are present and shown in a steady level

Answer 32

enzootic

Question 33

big outbreak

Answer 33

epizooitic

Question 34

rift valley fever impacts

Answer 34

increased number of abortions in ruminants accompanied by the death of particularly young and pregnant animals

Question 35

japanese encephalitis

Answer 35

viremia in humans too low to infect mosquitoes
pigs and birds important amplifiers
pigs-reproductive problems

Question 36

japanese encephalitis - malaysia

Answer 36

dirty, polluted water around swine production

sudden decline in demand for pork products

Question 37

vesicular stomatitis (virus)

Answer 37

clinically indistinguishable form foot and mouth disease
ceratopogonids-black flies
quarantine and restricted movement until cold weather ends vectors
if found on farm all animals slaughtered - very contagious

Question 38

APHIS

Answer 38

exclusion or prevention of accidental or intentional pest introduction, detect, manage, control or eradicate infestations, protect endangered species