final exam discussion questions Flashcards
how are voiced sounds created physiologically?
Voiced sounds are also called periodic sounds.
These sounds have a repeating pattern due to a set rate of vibration of vocal folds. they have harmonics due to shape of vocal tract
How are voiceless sounds created physiologically?
Voicless sounds are also called aperiodic sounds. When producing voicless sounds, air is forced through constriction in the vocal tract resulting in turbulent airflow.
What are the differences between voiced and voiceless sounds acoustically?
Voiced sounds have harmonics and voiceless sounds do not. This is because the voicless sounds are not produced with vocal fold vibration.
How are periodic, aperiodic, and quasiperiodic sounds different?
physiology, acoustics and spectrographic information
Peroidic sounds are produced by vocal fold vibration. They have harmonics. One the spectrogram, there is a voice bar which has clear vertical striations and formants which are harmonics on the spectrogram.
Aperiodic sounds are not produced with vocal fold vibration. Due there not being vibration, harmonics are not formed. Aperiodic sounds on a spectrogram do not produce a voice bar, but instead “fill.”
Quasiperiodic sounds have peridioc and aperiodic characteristics. They have vibration and harmonics, but also a have noise component produced by turbulent airflow. This results in a voice bar on a spectrogram, but with unclear vertical striations.
Physiologically, what causes a gap?
A gap is caused by the articulators forming the blockage and oral pressure building up for voiced stops.
Physiologically, what causes a spike?
A spike is caused by the release burst of aperiodic sound that follows a silent gap.
Physiologically, what causes a fill?
Fill is the intensity or amplitude of a sound, so an increased VFF or high subglottal pressure would result in fill.
What does the vocal tract do during a gap?
how is it perceived on a spectrogram?
During a gap, the articulators move to form a blockage, closing off the vocal tract until the pressure builds
A gap on the spectrogram is a period of silence which is a blank portion.
what does the vocal tract do during a spike?
how is it perceived on a spectrogram?
A spike is caused by the pressure building and then bursting through the constriction. The vocal tract quickly transitions from closed to open allowing air.
On a spectrogram, it is a dark vertical line.
what does the vocal tract do during a fill?
how is it perceived on a spectrogram?
During a fill, the vocal tract is producing sound. On a spectrogram, fill is represented by the colored portion. The darker the color, the more intense the sound is.
What are formant transitions and how are they created?
Formants transitions are rapid changes in the vocal tract. They are created by articulators moving from a stops’s point of constriction to open position of the following sound
what sounds have formant transitions?
voiced and quasiperiodic sounds
voiced stops, glides, vowels, liquids, nasals, diphthongs,
describe vocal fundamental frequency and harmonics
what are they and how are they created in the vocal tract?
Vocal fundamental frequency is the rate at which vocal folds vibrate. In relation to harmonics, VFF=0. Harmonics are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency. Harmonics are created as the resonating cavities amplify frequencies and dampen frequencies, shaping the sound produced by vocal folds.
how does one perceive VFF and harmonics on a spectrograph?
include role of phonation, articulation, and resonance
VFF is seen as a voice bar with clear vertical striations and harmonics are seen as formants (darker high intensity potion) on the spectrogram
