exam 1 study guide

Question 1

speech science

Answer 1

study of the articulation and physiology of speech productions, the acoustics of speech, and the process by which the listeners perceive speech

Question 2

Hertz

Answer 2

measurement of frequency

Question 3

Decibels

Answer 3

measurement of intensity

Question 4

Seconds

Answer 4

measurement of time

Question 5

Perceptual phonetics

Answer 5

study of the characteristics of the sounds of a language to discriminate sounds from one another

focused on IPA

Question 6

Acoustic Phonetics

Answer 6

study of measurable acoustic or physical properties of sound

including intensity, frequency, duration of sound

Question 7

Physiological phonetics

Answer 7

study of the physical structures and how they interact to produce the sounds of a language

Question 8

Vibratory/Oscillatory

Answer 8

back and forth movement

Question 9

velocity

Answer 9

speed in a certain direction

Question 10

period

Answer 10

time in which a cycle is completed

Question 11

intensity

Answer 11

degree or amplitude of particle displacement

loudness

Question 12

frequency

Answer 12

number of times per second that the vibratory pattern occurs

pitch

Question 13

time

Answer 13

time in which a wave cycle is complete

duration

Question 14

damping

Answer 14

reduction of motion due to friction

displacement grows closer together

Question 15

medium

Answer 15

any substance or environment through which a force can be transmitted

Question 16

degree and strength of elasticity

Answer 16

degree: how much matter can be disturbed (stretched)

strength: amount of resistance the matter has to movement

Question 17

SHM simple harmonic motion

Answer 17

for sound to be transmitted, air particles must be set in motion (vibration) by force

Question 18

compression and rarefraction

Answer 18

compression: spaced close together

rarefaction: spaced apart

Question 19

speed of sound in feet

Answer 19

1100 feet per second

Question 20

formulas for calculating time and frequency

Answer 20

F=1/T or T=1/F

Question 21

formulas for calculating wave length and frequency

Answer 21

F=1100/lambda 0r lambda=1100/F

Question 22

formulas for calculating wave length and time

Answer 22

T=lambda/1100 or lambda=T/1100

Question 23

simple vs complex sound waves

Answer 23

simple sound waves: one frequency (pure tone) has back and forth motion

complex sound wave: more than one frequency and consists of speech sounds; have different cycles due to different frequencies

Question 24

inertia

Answer 24

“if at rest, stay at rest” and “if in motion, stay in motion”

Question 25

sound

Answer 25

disturbance of the particles of a medium taking the form of vibratory or oscillatory movement

Question 26

maximum displacement

Answer 26

minimum speed/0 velocity
max acceleration

Question 27

minimum displacement

Answer 27

maximum speed or maximum velocity

Question 28

when does displacement increase or decrease

Answer 28

increases as it moves away from point of rest

decreases as it moves towards point of rest

Question 29

velocity

Answer 29

consists of speed and direction

Question 30

pressure on graph

Answer 30

increases when moving to 0 degrees line

decreases when moving away from 0 degrees line

Question 31

direction on graph

Answer 31

above line: +
below line: -

Question 32

indirect relationship

Answer 32

as one increases, the other decreases

Question 33

direct relationship

Answer 33

as one increases, the other increases

Question 34

relationship between displacement and pressure

Answer 34

0-90: both high - direct
90-180: d low/p high - indirect
180-270: d high/p low - indirect
270-360: both low - direct

direct: rarefaction
indirect: compression

Question 35

relationship between displacement and velocity

Answer 35

always inverse
as one increases, the other decreases and vise versa

Question 36

relationship between velocity and pressure

Answer 36

0-90: v low/p high - indirect
90-180: both high - direct
180-270: both low - direct
270-360: v high/p low - indirect

direct: compression
indirect: rarefaction

Question 37

wavelength

Answer 37

distance a wave travels in one cycle