exam 1 study guide Flashcards
speech science
study of the articulation and physiology of speech productions, the acoustics of speech, and the process by which the listeners perceive speech
Hertz
measurement of frequency
Decibels
measurement of intensity
Seconds
measurement of time
Perceptual phonetics
study of the characteristics of the sounds of a language to discriminate sounds from one another
focused on IPA
Acoustic Phonetics
study of measurable acoustic or physical properties of sound
including intensity, frequency, duration of sound
Physiological phonetics
study of the physical structures and how they interact to produce the sounds of a language
Vibratory/Oscillatory
back and forth movement
velocity
speed in a certain direction
period
time in which a cycle is completed
intensity
degree or amplitude of particle displacement
loudness
frequency
number of times per second that the vibratory pattern occurs
pitch
time
time in which a wave cycle is complete
duration
damping
reduction of motion due to friction
displacement grows closer together
medium
any substance or environment through which a force can be transmitted
degree and strength of elasticity
degree: how much matter can be disturbed (stretched)
strength: amount of resistance the matter has to movement
SHM simple harmonic motion
for sound to be transmitted, air particles must be set in motion (vibration) by force
compression and rarefraction
compression: spaced close together
rarefaction: spaced apart
speed of sound in feet
1100 feet per second
formulas for calculating time and frequency
F=1/T or T=1/F
formulas for calculating wave length and frequency
F=1100/lambda 0r lambda=1100/F
formulas for calculating wave length and time
T=lambda/1100 or lambda=T/1100
simple vs complex sound waves
simple sound waves: one frequency (pure tone) has back and forth motion
complex sound wave: more than one frequency and consists of speech sounds; have different cycles due to different frequencies
inertia
“if at rest, stay at rest” and “if in motion, stay in motion”
sound
disturbance of the particles of a medium taking the form of vibratory or oscillatory movement
maximum displacement
minimum speed/0 velocity
max acceleration
minimum displacement
maximum speed or maximum velocity
when does displacement increase or decrease
increases as it moves away from point of rest
decreases as it moves towards point of rest
velocity
consists of speed and direction
pressure on graph
increases when moving to 0 degrees line
decreases when moving away from 0 degrees line
direction on graph
above line: +
below line: -
indirect relationship
as one increases, the other decreases
direct relationship
as one increases, the other increases
relationship between displacement and pressure
0-90: both high - direct
90-180: d low/p high - indirect
180-270: d high/p low - indirect
270-360: both low - direct
direct: rarefaction
indirect: compression
relationship between displacement and velocity
always inverse
as one increases, the other decreases and vise versa
relationship between velocity and pressure
0-90: v low/p high - indirect
90-180: both high - direct
180-270: both low - direct
270-360: v high/p low - indirect
direct: compression
indirect: rarefaction
wavelength
distance a wave travels in one cycle
