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Speech and Hearing Science > exam 3 study guide > Flashcards

exam 3 study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

detection

A

data analyzers are processed through an electronic analyzing device

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2
Q

transducer

A

used to change energy from one form of energy to another

acoustic—> electrical

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3
Q

microphone

A

changes the air pressure that create movement on a diaphragm which contracts the material in the microphone that creates an electrical signal

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4
Q

electrodes

A

detect electrophysiological potentials from surface of skin or within a muscle fiber

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5
Q

pressure detecting device

A

includes blood pressure cuffs or instruments to measure respiration

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6
Q

mechanical devices

A

levers/switches that create electrical signals

found in AAC device

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7
Q

preamplifiers

A

amplify signals to reach amplifier and prevent distortion

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8
Q

amplifier

A

amplifies electrical signal to degree needed for detection

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9
Q

modification

A

allows a specific part of an overall signal to be analyzed; filters out what you do not want to analyze

VisiPitch-filters out all but VFF

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10
Q

transmission

A

connection by either wire or wireless

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11
Q

data acquisition

A

changing a signal into a form that can be stored/analyzed

record head in tape recorder

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12
Q

data storage

A

data that is stored can be analyzed multiple times

Magnetic tapes store analog signal in tape recorder

CD changes analog to series of representations (1&0) that can be stored in memory of a computer

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13
Q

types of data analysis

A

instrumentation or human analysis

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14
Q

analysis via instrumentation

A

instruments give numbers related to frequency, duration, and intensity; they can represent a signal on a screen

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15
Q

analysis via humans

A

tape record client’s speech and then later analyze by transcriptions or judging vocal quiality

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16
Q

calibration

A

adjusting a machine to perform within normal guidelines

input and output signal should be the same if calibrated

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17
Q

audio tape recording

A

sounds can be recorded and reproduced

sounds stored on radiohead and tape is pulled by radiohead, magnetizing the pattern on the tape which is converted into an electrical pattern and then acoustical pattern

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18
Q

parts of a tape recorder

A

microphone
preamplifier
record amplifier
tape deck
erase head
record head
playback head
reproduce amplifier
speaker
tape

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19
Q

microphone of tape recorder

A

changes acoustic energy to electrical energy

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20
Q

record amplifier of record player

A

amplifies sound to level to be recorded

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21
Q

tape deck of record player

A

contains reels and playback/recording functions

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22
Q

erase head of record player

A

can erase magnetic pattern to allow for new pattern

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23
Q

record head of record player

A

electromagnet that imprints pattern to be recorded

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24
Q

playback head of record player

A

magnetized by stored tape being pulled past it

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25
Q

reproduce amplifier of record player

A

allows information coming from tape to be amplified

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26
Q

speaker of record player

A

changes electrical energy to acoustic energy

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27
Q

tape of record player

A

composed of oxide particles, which can be magnetized and are glued to the clear plastic tape

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28
Q

considerations to remember during recording

A

microphone placement, phonetically balanced material, recording procedures (tape speed), playback procedures (background sound)

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29
Q

tape speeds

A

fast speed= high quality
slow= conserves the tape

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30
Q

15/16 ips

A

long duration recordings

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31
Q

1 7/8 ips

A

used for long duration speech recordings

slowest domestic tape speed

32
Q

3 3/4 ips

A

most common speed

fairly good quality for speech recordings and off air radio

33
Q

7 1/2 ips

A

highest domestic speed and slowest professional speed

used for advertisements

34
Q

mono input channel

A

one channel

35
Q

stereo input channel

A

both channels

36
Q

VU meter

A

volume control meter that lets you know if a signal is not strong enough or too strong

37
Q

playback procedures

A

listening for background noise that will interrupt recording

38
Q

VisiPitch

A

electronic device used for speech analysis and providing feedback to clientss

39
Q

VisiPitch signal is captured by

A

analog-digital board which stores signal digitally which can be manipulated and analyzed easier than analog signals

40
Q

VisiPitch programs

A

6 programs

Pitch and Energy trace
Pitch and Energy games
Sibilant/Vowel training
Voice quality assessment
Waveform editor
Delayed Auditory feedback

41
Q

Pitch and Energy trace

A

realtime display of VFF and displays a trace of signal intensity

uses two screens, one with model the client is attempting to match

teaches intonation patterns and pitch controls

42
Q

Pitch and Energy games

A

visual games controlled by pitch and intensity

targeting:
voicing of sound- turtle
loudness control- giraffe
pitch control- mouse and cheese
sustaining voice- leapfrog

43
Q

Sibilant/Vowel training

A

analyzes for wave composition

input is analyzed to match frequency formant closest to vowel

44
Q

Voice Quality assessment

A

analyzes sustained vowels for voice characteristics of jitter, shimmer percent, noise to harmonic ratio, and voice turbulence index

used to compare pre/post therapy samples

45
Q

waveform editor

A

graphically presents waveform of acoustic signals which can stored and edited (similar to oscilloscope, but can be stored, modified, played back, and analyzed

best used with adults

46
Q

delayed auditory feedback

A

records a signal and reproduces the signal after a brief interval
(10-500 milliseconds)

effective with disfluency

47
Q

Computerized Speech Laboratory

A

primarily a research tool

signals are captured, analyzed, stored, and edited

48
Q

Features of Computerized Speech Lab

A

LPC frequency response
FFT power spectrum
Spectrogram
LPC formant history

pitch, loudness, intensity analysis

49
Q

LPC frequency response

A

uses linear predictive coding to analyze and display wave composition

useful for determining vowel formants

50
Q

FFT power spectrum

A

analyzes/displays wave composition using Fast Fourier Transform- more discrete than LPC

useful for determining harmonic integrity; clear peak, good integrity

51
Q

spectrogram

A

spectrographic display of wave composition

can be manipulated by sampling rate, display, change of bandwidth procedure

52
Q

LPC formant history

A

uses LPC method to find and display formant (more complex and not a real time display)

53
Q

Multidimensional Voice Profile

A

component of CSL and allows voice samples to be acquired, stored, and analyzed

54
Q

components of Multidimensional voice profile

A

33 parameters can be measured and displayed from one sample and charted as inside or outside of green circle (out=pathological)

“norms” are compared to sample and measures treatment efficacy

(jitter below 2.0/shimmer below 5.0)

55
Q

Multidimensional Voice Profile
objective evaluation

A

important counterpart to perecptual

56
Q

Multidimensional Voice Profile
perceptual evaluation

A

labels “breathy”. “harsh” etc

57
Q

Speech viewer

A

contains different games and charting software for evaluations and treatment for pitch, loudness, voicing and sound production

signal is digitally captured and displayed

addresses awarenesses, skill building, and patterning

58
Q

sound presence awareness

A

enhance awareness of sounds of phonemes (4 games)

59
Q

loudness range awareness

A

enhance awareness of loudness and changing of intensity

60
Q

voice presence awareness

A

awareness of whether a sound is voiced or not

61
Q

voice onset awareness

A

awareness of voicing onset and control over voicing

62
Q

voice timing awareness

A

improves coordination of respiration and voicing

63
Q

pitch range awareness

A

awareness of vocal pitch and quantities pitch range

64
Q

pitch control skill building

A

builds skill in voluntary fine control of pitch

65
Q

phoneme accuracy skill building

A

improve accuracy of phoneme production

23 sounds, sustained phonemes, and speech segments

66
Q

multi-phoneme chain skill building

A

develop skills in producing sequence

67
Q

two phoneme and four phoneme contrasting skill building

A

improve accuracy in differentiating

68
Q

pitch and loudness patterning

A

increase skill in producing speech patterns

69
Q

spectra patterning

A

use spectral analysis to improve accuracy of phoneme production; has visual reinforcements

targets:
pitch, prosody, voicing, phonology

70
Q

nasometer

A

measures oral and nasal airflow separately and calculates ration between the two measures

71
Q

how nasometer works

A

two microphones on vertical plate in face mask with a horizontal plate separating nasal and oral cavities

patient then reads passages with different nasal “norms” to compare

72
Q

nasalance score

A

how much nasality is in a speech sample

73
Q

hypernasality

A

high

74
Q

hyponasality

A

low

75
Q

nasal section of nasometer passage

A

60%

76
Q

rainbow passage of nasometer passage

A

35%

77
Q

zoo section of nasometer passage

A

15-20%
has no nasals, but low score as a result of breathing

Speech and Hearing Science (8 decks)

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