exam 3 study guide Flashcards
detection
data analyzers are processed through an electronic analyzing device
transducer
used to change energy from one form of energy to another
acoustic—> electrical
microphone
changes the air pressure that create movement on a diaphragm which contracts the material in the microphone that creates an electrical signal
electrodes
detect electrophysiological potentials from surface of skin or within a muscle fiber
pressure detecting device
includes blood pressure cuffs or instruments to measure respiration
mechanical devices
levers/switches that create electrical signals
found in AAC device
preamplifiers
amplify signals to reach amplifier and prevent distortion
amplifier
amplifies electrical signal to degree needed for detection
modification
allows a specific part of an overall signal to be analyzed; filters out what you do not want to analyze
VisiPitch-filters out all but VFF
transmission
connection by either wire or wireless
data acquisition
changing a signal into a form that can be stored/analyzed
record head in tape recorder
data storage
data that is stored can be analyzed multiple times
Magnetic tapes store analog signal in tape recorder
CD changes analog to series of representations (1&0) that can be stored in memory of a computer
types of data analysis
instrumentation or human analysis
analysis via instrumentation
instruments give numbers related to frequency, duration, and intensity; they can represent a signal on a screen
analysis via humans
tape record client’s speech and then later analyze by transcriptions or judging vocal quiality
calibration
adjusting a machine to perform within normal guidelines
input and output signal should be the same if calibrated
audio tape recording
sounds can be recorded and reproduced
sounds stored on radiohead and tape is pulled by radiohead, magnetizing the pattern on the tape which is converted into an electrical pattern and then acoustical pattern
parts of a tape recorder
microphone
preamplifier
record amplifier
tape deck
erase head
record head
playback head
reproduce amplifier
speaker
tape
microphone of tape recorder
changes acoustic energy to electrical energy
record amplifier of record player
amplifies sound to level to be recorded
tape deck of record player
contains reels and playback/recording functions
erase head of record player
can erase magnetic pattern to allow for new pattern
record head of record player
electromagnet that imprints pattern to be recorded
playback head of record player
magnetized by stored tape being pulled past it
reproduce amplifier of record player
allows information coming from tape to be amplified
speaker of record player
changes electrical energy to acoustic energy
tape of record player
composed of oxide particles, which can be magnetized and are glued to the clear plastic tape
considerations to remember during recording
microphone placement, phonetically balanced material, recording procedures (tape speed), playback procedures (background sound)
tape speeds
fast speed= high quality
slow= conserves the tape
15/16 ips
long duration recordings
1 7/8 ips
used for long duration speech recordings
slowest domestic tape speed
3 3/4 ips
most common speed
fairly good quality for speech recordings and off air radio
7 1/2 ips
highest domestic speed and slowest professional speed
used for advertisements
mono input channel
one channel
stereo input channel
both channels
VU meter
volume control meter that lets you know if a signal is not strong enough or too strong
playback procedures
listening for background noise that will interrupt recording
VisiPitch
electronic device used for speech analysis and providing feedback to clientss
VisiPitch signal is captured by
analog-digital board which stores signal digitally which can be manipulated and analyzed easier than analog signals
VisiPitch programs
6 programs
Pitch and Energy trace
Pitch and Energy games
Sibilant/Vowel training
Voice quality assessment
Waveform editor
Delayed Auditory feedback
Pitch and Energy trace
realtime display of VFF and displays a trace of signal intensity
uses two screens, one with model the client is attempting to match
teaches intonation patterns and pitch controls
Pitch and Energy games
visual games controlled by pitch and intensity
targeting:
voicing of sound- turtle
loudness control- giraffe
pitch control- mouse and cheese
sustaining voice- leapfrog
Sibilant/Vowel training
analyzes for wave composition
input is analyzed to match frequency formant closest to vowel
Voice Quality assessment
analyzes sustained vowels for voice characteristics of jitter, shimmer percent, noise to harmonic ratio, and voice turbulence index
used to compare pre/post therapy samples
waveform editor
graphically presents waveform of acoustic signals which can stored and edited (similar to oscilloscope, but can be stored, modified, played back, and analyzed
best used with adults
delayed auditory feedback
records a signal and reproduces the signal after a brief interval
(10-500 milliseconds)
effective with disfluency
Computerized Speech Laboratory
primarily a research tool
signals are captured, analyzed, stored, and edited
Features of Computerized Speech Lab
LPC frequency response
FFT power spectrum
Spectrogram
LPC formant history
pitch, loudness, intensity analysis
LPC frequency response
uses linear predictive coding to analyze and display wave composition
useful for determining vowel formants
FFT power spectrum
analyzes/displays wave composition using Fast Fourier Transform- more discrete than LPC
useful for determining harmonic integrity; clear peak, good integrity
spectrogram
spectrographic display of wave composition
can be manipulated by sampling rate, display, change of bandwidth procedure
LPC formant history
uses LPC method to find and display formant (more complex and not a real time display)
Multidimensional Voice Profile
component of CSL and allows voice samples to be acquired, stored, and analyzed
components of Multidimensional voice profile
33 parameters can be measured and displayed from one sample and charted as inside or outside of green circle (out=pathological)
“norms” are compared to sample and measures treatment efficacy
(jitter below 2.0/shimmer below 5.0)
Multidimensional Voice Profile
objective evaluation
important counterpart to perecptual
Multidimensional Voice Profile
perceptual evaluation
labels “breathy”. “harsh” etc
Speech viewer
contains different games and charting software for evaluations and treatment for pitch, loudness, voicing and sound production
signal is digitally captured and displayed
addresses awarenesses, skill building, and patterning
sound presence awareness
enhance awareness of sounds of phonemes (4 games)
loudness range awareness
enhance awareness of loudness and changing of intensity
voice presence awareness
awareness of whether a sound is voiced or not
voice onset awareness
awareness of voicing onset and control over voicing
voice timing awareness
improves coordination of respiration and voicing
pitch range awareness
awareness of vocal pitch and quantities pitch range
pitch control skill building
builds skill in voluntary fine control of pitch
phoneme accuracy skill building
improve accuracy of phoneme production
23 sounds, sustained phonemes, and speech segments
multi-phoneme chain skill building
develop skills in producing sequence
two phoneme and four phoneme contrasting skill building
improve accuracy in differentiating
pitch and loudness patterning
increase skill in producing speech patterns
spectra patterning
use spectral analysis to improve accuracy of phoneme production; has visual reinforcements
targets:
pitch, prosody, voicing, phonology
nasometer
measures oral and nasal airflow separately and calculates ration between the two measures
how nasometer works
two microphones on vertical plate in face mask with a horizontal plate separating nasal and oral cavities
patient then reads passages with different nasal “norms” to compare
nasalance score
how much nasality is in a speech sample
hypernasality
high
hyponasality
low
nasal section of nasometer passage
60%
rainbow passage of nasometer passage
35%
zoo section of nasometer passage
15-20%
has no nasals, but low score as a result of breathing
