FINAL EXAM CHAPTER 6 Enzyme Flashcards
Why do we need Enzymes?
Because they can accelerate the rate of a reaction by factors of as much as a million or more
How do enzymes catalyze specific reactions?
By using the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and papain and they both have different degrees of specificity
What are the 6 classes of Enzymes?
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolyases
Lyases
Isomerases
Ligase
What do oxidoreductases catalyze?
-Catalyze oxidation-reaction reactions
What do the Transferases enzyme help with?
Move functional groups between molecules
What do Hydrolyases enzyme help with?
They cleave bonds with the addition of water
What do Lyases enzyme help with ?
Remove atoms to form double bonds or add atoms to double bonds
What do Isomerases enzyme help with?
Move functional groups within a molecule
What do Ligases help with?
Join two molecules at the expense of ATP
What is an enzyme called with a cofactor and without a cofactor?
Cofactor: Holoenzyme
Without Cofactor: Apoenzyme
What are prosthetic groups?
Tightly bound enzymes
What is free energy?
A measure of energy capable of doing work
Do enzymes effect the free energy and Keq?
They enzymes don’t alter free energy or Keq. They cant change if the reactions happen or not. They simply make the certain reaction faster
In an exergonic reaction, How much energy input is required and is it spontaneous and what is the Delta G value +/-?
-Reaction will occur without the input the energy
-It will be spontaneous
-ONLY IF DELTA G IS NEGATIVE
In an endergonic reactions , How much energy input is required and is it spontaneous and what is the Delta G value +/-?
-The reaction will not occur
-THE DELTA G IS POSITIVE
IF the reaction is at equilibrium, How much energy input is required and is it spontaneous and what is the Delta G value +/-?
-There is no net change in the amount of reactant or product
-DELTA G =0
What is DELTA G dependent on?
The free energy difference between reactants and products and is independent of how the reactions occurs
What information does the DELTA G provide about the rate of the reaction?
-It provides no information about the rate of the reaction
What effect does a more exergonic reaction have on the equilibrium constant?
it will result in a larger equilibrium constant
What effect does a more endergonic reaction have on the equilibrium constant?
It will result in a smaller equilibrium constant
When Delta G is positive does it favor substrates(reactants) or products?
Substrates (reactants)
what effect do the enzymes have on the formation of the transition state ?
It helps facilitate the formation of the transition state. and the units used is ΔG‡
(delta g not prime)
IN the transition state the activation energy is brought down by enzymes also
What is an active site?
A particular region of the enzyme where enzymes bring substrates together to form an enzyme substrate complex
What are some common features of the active site?
- its a three dimensional cleft or crevice created by AA from different parts of the primary structure
- Constitutes a small portion of the enzyme volume
- Create unique microenvironments
4.Interaction of the enzyme and substrate at the active site involves multiple weak interactions
- Enzyme specificity depends on the molecular architecture at the active site
What is an Induced fit?
This is when a enzyme changes shape upon substrate binding.
