FINAL EXAM Chapter 1-Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Question 1

Know the abundant elements that are important for Biochemistry

Question 2

What are the four major classes of Biomolecules?

Answer 2

-Proteins
-Nucleic Acid
-Lipids
-Carbohydrates

Question 3

What roles does a protein have?

Answer 3

-Signal molecules
-Receptors for signal molecules and enzymes
-Biological catalysts

Question 4

What are Nucleic Acids? and what are the two types of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 4

-Information molecules of the cell
-DNA and RNA

Question 5

What are lipids?

Answer 5

• Storage form of fuel and serve as a barrier

Question 6

What are the dual properties of a lipid?

Answer 6

-Hydrophobic tail
-Hydrophilic head

Question 7

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 7

important fuel source

Question 8

What enzyme is DNA replicated by?

Answer 8

DNA polymerase

Question 9

Which enzyme catalyzes transcription?

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

Translation occurs within__________

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

What is the key difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes ?

Answer 11

Eukaryotes have membrane enclosed compartment inside the cell and prokaryotes lack that.

Question 12

What is the key difference between Plant cells and Animal cells?

Answer 12

Plant cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane but Animal cells have only a cell membrane

Question 13

What is the function of a Plasma membrane ?

Answer 13

-Separates the inside of the cell from the outside.

Question 14

What is the function of a plant vacuole?

Answer 14

-to store water, ions, and various nutrients
-Keeps the cell rigid by increasing pressure inside the cell

Question 15

What is the function of a Cytoplasm

Answer 15

gel like fluid in the cell, it is the medium for any reactions

Question 16

What is the function of MItochondria?

Answer 16

Primary site of ATP generation in eukaryotic cells

Question 17

Function of Chloroplasts?

Answer 17

Found in plant cells, the site of photosynthesis

Question 18

What are the roles of both the Endoplasmic ER ?

Answer 18

Rough ER plays a role in protein processing
Smooth ER plays a variety of biochemical forces

Question 19

What is the function of Golgi Complex?

Answer 19

-play a role in protein sorting-

Question 20

What happens during exocytosis?

Answer 20

-Secretory granules secrete biomolecules. in the process of exocytosis

Question 21

What is the function of Endocytosis?

Answer 21

-bringing molecules into the cell

Question 22

WHat is the function of Phagocytosis?

Answer 22

• Large amounts of material can be taken into the cell by process of phagocytosis

Question 23

What is the function of a Lysosome?

Answer 23

-contain variety of digestive enzymes