Final Exam Flashcards
Boyles law
Law of relationship between gas volume and pressure. Boyle published a paper on this law
CoARC
Professional organization that accredits/ monitors resp care education programs
NBRC
Organization responsible for the respiratory credentialing exams
AARC
National professional association for resp care. Promotes professionalism and eviden based practice
What does RACE stand for
Rescue patients in area of fire
Alert/Alarm other people of fire
Contain the fire
Extinguish/ Evacuate other patients and people
Correct order to don (put on) PPE
1.Gown
2. Mask
3. Goggles
4. Gloves
What’s the purpose of cleaning equipment. Aka infection control
To prevent cross contamination
Process of decontaminating equipment
- Cleaning
- Disinfection
- Sterilizing
What’s effective for destroying microorganisms/ spores
Autoclave: (steam sterilization)
What are the 6 properties in gas
- kinetic energy
- gas pressure
- density
- diffusion
- partial pressure
- Henry’s law ( gas dissolved in liquids)
How does cohesive relate to surface tension
Cohesive forced between liquid molecules are responsible for causing surface tension
What is convection and an example of it
Heat transfers via direct contact with liquids and gases.
Example: incubator
What’s the primary function of respiratory system
Absorption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide
2 primary and 4 accessory muscles of respiration
Primary: Diaphragm and intercostals
Accessory: Scalene, sternocleidomastoids, pectoralis and abdominal wall
What nerve innervates the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
What’s the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
Pulmonary is low pressure low resistance
Systemic is high pressure high resistance
What’s gas diffusion
Process of molecules moving from a higher area of concentration to a lower area of concentration
MAP ( Mean aortic pressure) calculations
MAP= [(diastolic x2) + systolic]/ 3
CaO2
CaO2= ( hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003)
Minute ventilation calculation
Ve= vt x RR
Alveolar minute ventilation calculation
Va=(vt-vd dead space) x RR
Dead space = 1 ml/ lb of IBW
Polycythemia
An excess of hemoglobin characteristics of the COPD patients in response to chronic hypoxemia they have
The 4 critical life functions
- Ventilation: open airways and breathe
- Oxygenation: increase fio2
- Circulation: chest compression, difibs drugs
- Perfusion: increase blood pressure
What does coarse crackles indicate
Large airway secretions
Normal PaO2
80-100
What are the values of hypoxemia (mild, moderate and severe)
Mild: 60-79
Moderate: 40-59
Severe: <40
Normal heart rate and what causes it
60-100 bpm
Pulmonary diseases cause decrease in paO2 and increase O2 consumption so the body tries to compensate by increasing HR to increase cardiac output
RR values
Normal: 12-20
Apnea: no respirations
Tachypnea: >20
Bradypnea: <12
Blood pressure
120/80
Range: 140/90 to 90/60
Increased vs decreased resonance
Increased resonance: any disease that is characteristic of excess air
Decrease resonance: any disease that is characteristic of excess fluid and/ or lack of air
What is stridor
Upper airway obstruction
Where is the common site for ABG
Radial artery
What view for chest roentgenograph can be taken in bed
Anteroposterior supine and lateral decubitus
What cxr ( chest xray) view is best for pleural effusion
Lateral decubitus
How a ptx( pneumothorax) present on cxr
Pleura line pulled away from chest wall
How does atelectasis look with a tracheal deviation on cxr
Tracheal shift, elevation of hemidiaphragm and shift of hilum towards affected site= volume loss
What is compliance and what’s the difference between fibrotic and emphysemic lung
Compliance: Measure of the lungs ability to stretch and expand
Emphysemic lung: increases compliance
Fibrotic lung: decreases compliance
What is airway resistance and where is it usually found
When gas is trying to flow into the airways but it is being impeded
Found in nose, mouth and large airways
PAO2-PaO2 Aka A-a gradient normal value
5-10 mmHg
Increased vs decreased affinity
Increased affinity: oxygen strongly binds to hemoglobin and is less available to tissue
Decreased affinity: hemoglobin tries to detach from oxygen, allowing hb to easily off-load oxygen to peripheral tissues
What effect does positive pressure have on cardiac output and blood pressure
decreases amount of blood pumped and decreases venous return to the heart
Carbon dioxide affinity
200 times faster than oxygen
What indirectly controls breathing
PaCO2
What stimulates central chemoreceptors
Co2 and hydrogen ions
Where is peripheral chemoreceptors located
Aortic arch and distractions of common carotid arteries
Which node has the greatest automaticity
SA node
What wave is seen as atrial depolarization vs ventricular depolarization
Atrial depolarization: P wave
Ventricular depolarization: QRS wave
What does elevated ST segment indicates
Ischemia
What are some life threatening rhythms
Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia
What to do if patient has no pulse but has rhythm
Continue CPR
