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Intro To Resp Care > Ch.9 Respiratory > Flashcards

Ch.9 Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of respiratory

A

Absorption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide

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2
Q

What’s the difference between internal and external respiration

A

Internal respiration is gas exchange between tissue cells and blood
External respiration is gas exchange between the atmosphere and blood

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3
Q

Gas exchange occurs via simple gas diffusion. What is gas diffusion

A

Process of molecules moving from a higher area of concentration to a lower area of concentration

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4
Q

Midsternal lines

A

Cuts thorax in half

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5
Q

Midclavical line

A

Cuts the hemithorax in half

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6
Q

What is costophrenic angle

A

Shown on xray, an image where the parietal pleural departs chest wall to diaphragm. Should be rounded

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7
Q

What is pleural fluid

A

Fluid acts as lubricant, decreases lung friction

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8
Q

What is parietal and visceral pleura

A

Membrane/ sac covering organs

Parietal pleura is “outside” against the body

Visceral pleura is “inside” against the internal organ

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9
Q

What are the 3 pleural membranes

A

Parietal “outer layer”

Intrapleural space “ in between, has fluid”

Visceral “ inner layer”

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10
Q

What is pleural effusion

A

Caused by excess of fluid in pleural space
Blunted costophrenic angle

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11
Q

What is thoracentesis

A

Procedure used to puncture and drain out the excess fluid in lungs (pleural effusion)

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12
Q

What is pneumothorax (ptx)

A

Gas accumulation and subsequent pressure increase causes lung to collapse on the affected side

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13
Q

What is the sternum composed of

A

Manubrium, body and xiphoid process

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14
Q

What are the 2 primary muscles of respiration

A

Diaphragm and intercostals

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15
Q

What are the accessory muscles of respiration

A

Scalene, sternocleidomastoids, pectoralis and abdominal wall

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16
Q

What can be seen in severe asthma and COPD with the diaphragm

A

Hyperinflation (increased lung volume) will flatten the diaphragm

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerves that arise from c3,c4 and c5

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18
Q

What is diaphragmatic paralysis

A

Spinal cord injuries at or above level of third cervical vertebrae

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19
Q

What does scalene/ sternocleidomastoid do

A

Lift upper chest and increase the AP(anterior and posterior) diameter when activated

20
Q

What is pectoralis muscles for

A

Chronically SOB patients use them to try and lift the flattened diaphragm

21
Q

The apices in lungs extend to how many cm?

A

1-2 cm above clavicles

22
Q

What is the objective of pulmonary venous circulation

A

Deliver oxygenated blood from lungs into the left atrium

23
Q

What is the objective of pulmonary arterial circulation

A

Deliver deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the lungs

24
Q

Know the flow of blood throughout the heart

A
25
Q

What’s the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation

A

Pulmonary is low pressure low resistance
Systemic is high pressure high resistance

26
Q

What is the primary function of lymphatic

A

Clear fluid from the interstitial and pleural spaces to help maintain the fluid balance in lungs

27
Q

What are the other functions of lymphatic

A

Removes bacteria and the phagocytes cells provide defense against foreign material from the lungs

28
Q

Most pulmonary lymphatic system consists of what vessels

A

Superficial and deep vessels.
Vessels begin as dead end lymphatic channels in lungs

29
Q

What is Hering Breuer reflex

A

Controls deep breathing, limits breathes and prevent over expansion

30
Q

What is heads paradoxical reflex

A

Stimulates taking a deeper breath

31
Q

What is upper respiratory tract composed of

A

Nasal cavities and sinuses
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

32
Q

What are concha or turninates and what are their functions

A

Three shelf like bones projecting from lateral walls
Function: allows conduction of gases, increases surface area for filtration/defense, and warms/humidifies inhaled gases

33
Q

Does gas exchange occur in nasal cavity

A

No

34
Q

Where does turbulent and laminar flow occur

A

Turbulent flow is in the nasal cavity
Laminar flow is in the terminal bronchioles

35
Q

What are the 3 anatomical landmarks that must be visible for an attempt for endotracheal intubation

A

Epiglottis, vocal cords and vallecula

36
Q

What is the lower resp tract made up of

A

Conducting airways

respiratory airways

37
Q

What’s the purpose of conducting airways

A

Conveys gas exchange from upper airway to the structures that do participate in gas exchange.

The airways from the nares to and the terminal bronchioles are the conducting zone airways. They do not participate in gas exchange

38
Q

What airway participate in gas exchange

A

Respiratory airways

39
Q

If aspirations of foreign object, where will it end up

A

In the right lower lobe because of the angle and extension

40
Q

What are conducting airways

A

Nares to and including terminal bronchioles

41
Q

What are respiratory bronchioles and its functions

A

It arises from terminal bronchioles
Has 2 functions: conduct gas deeper into respiratory zone and participate in gas exchange

42
Q

What is anatomic deadspace

A

A gas that does not participate in gas exchange
1 ml/lb of ideal body weight

43
Q

What are the 2 intercommunicating channels in bronchioles

A

Canals of Lamert

Pores of Kohn allow collateral ventilation

44
Q

Where are the largest alveoli found

A

Apical ( top) regions of the lungs are larger because of gravitational effects

45
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

Very thin, facilitated in gas exchange

46
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes

A

Manufacture and store surfactant

Reduces surface tension and alveolar tendency to collapse

Decreased surfactant will oppose lung inflation

47
Q

Alveolar/ capillary

A

A/C membrane provides area for gas exchange via the mechanism of simple gaseous diffusion

Intro To Resp Care (8 decks)

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