Ch.4 Infection Control Flashcards
What is community onset
Infection developed outside the hospital
What is nosocomial
Infections developed in the hospital
What are the 3 elements present for infection spread
Source, host and route of transmission
What are the sources of infectious agents
- Humans: primary source~from fomites
- Susceptible host- dependent on person immune system
3.Route of transmission
What are the 3 major routs of transmission
- Contact: Indirect( most common)~ Inanimate object, Direct~ from one patient to another
- Respiratory droplets: sneezing and coughing
- Airborne droplets: resp particles are less than 5 microns Must wear N95 mask
What specific type of fomite is used for facilitating intubation
Laryngoscope
What is the material that grows on an endotracheal tube
Biofilm
What is cohorting
Room with patients who have same infections together
What are the 6 strategies to prevent infection
- Decrease host susceptibility- Immunizations
- Eliminate source of pathogens
- Interrupt routes of transmission- isolation, disposal equipment
- Infection prevention programs
- Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)- mandates employers to offer hepatitis B
PPE- Personal protective equipment
Hand hygiene
Gloves
Mouth,nose, and face protection
Resp protection
Gowns, aprons and protective apparel
What is hand hygiene
Hand wash with plain or antiseptic containing soap and water for at least 20 seconds * performed before and after patient contact*
When using an alcohol based gel/foam, rub together until hands are dry
Donning (put on) PPE
must be in order
1.Gown
2. Mask
3. Goggles
4. Gloves
Doffing( take off) PPE
- Gloves
2.Goggles - Gown
- Mask
What is the process of decontaminating specialized equipment
- Cleaning
- Disinfection
- Sterilizing
Define standard precautions
Combination of major features of universal precautions and body substance isolation. Must be applied to patients all the time, before and after patient contact
Apply to all body fluids
Contact precaution
Use gloves and gown
Used to decrease spread of c.Diff
Droplet precaution
use surgical mask
Prevents spread of influenza
Airborne infection isolation
Use N95 face mask or PAPR( powered air purifying respiratory
Prevent spread of small droplets like tuberculosis
HEPA filtration
Positive pressure air flow to prevent infiltration of outside air. Eliminates bacteria
What is in a VAP prevention bundle
Oral care, sedation vacation, and HOB 30-45 degrees
What are the 3 types of disinfections
1.cleaning (first step) * never use bleach*
2. Disinfection (low level) - destroys pathogens except bacterial pores
3. Disinfection ( high level)- use chemicals to clean and kill bacterial spores * chemical used is alkaline glutaraldehyde that must be used within 14/30 days- rt must test solution prior to use and replace solution if it’s bad
4. Sterilization- destroys all microorganisms *most effective way to kill bacterial spores is via autoclave ( stream sterilization)
What’s the point of infection control
To prevent cross infection
What equipment helps reduce endotracheal tube contamination
Heat and moisture exchange(HME) and high efficiency particulate aerosol(HEPA)
