Ch.4 Infection Control

Question 1

What is community onset

Answer 1

Infection developed outside the hospital

Question 2

What is nosocomial

Answer 2

Infections developed in the hospital

Question 3

What are the 3 elements present for infection spread

Answer 3

Source, host and route of transmission

Question 4

What are the sources of infectious agents

Answer 4

1. Humans: primary source~from fomites
2. Susceptible host- dependent on person immune system
   3.Route of transmission

Question 5

What are the 3 major routs of transmission

Answer 5

1. Contact: Indirect( most common)~ Inanimate object, Direct~ from one patient to another
2. Respiratory droplets: sneezing and coughing
3. Airborne droplets: resp particles are less than 5 microns Must wear N95 mask

Question 6

What specific type of fomite is used for facilitating intubation

Answer 6

Laryngoscope

Question 7

What is the material that grows on an endotracheal tube

Answer 7

Biofilm

Question 8

What is cohorting

Answer 8

Room with patients who have same infections together

Question 9

What are the 6 strategies to prevent infection

Answer 9

1. Decrease host susceptibility- Immunizations
2. Eliminate source of pathogens
3. Interrupt routes of transmission- isolation, disposal equipment
4. Infection prevention programs
5. Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)- mandates employers to offer hepatitis B

Question 10

PPE- Personal protective equipment

Answer 10

Hand hygiene
Gloves
Mouth,nose, and face protection
Resp protection
Gowns, aprons and protective apparel

Question 11

What is hand hygiene

Answer 11

Hand wash with plain or antiseptic containing soap and water for at least 20 seconds * performed before and after patient contact*

When using an alcohol based gel/foam, rub together until hands are dry

Question 12

Donning (put on) PPE
must be in order

Answer 12

1.Gown
2. Mask
3. Goggles
4. Gloves

Question 13

Doffing( take off) PPE

Answer 13

1. Gloves
   2.Goggles
2. Gown
3. Mask

Question 14

What is the process of decontaminating specialized equipment

Answer 14

1. Cleaning
2. Disinfection
3. Sterilizing

Question 15

Define standard precautions

Answer 15

Combination of major features of universal precautions and body substance isolation. Must be applied to patients all the time, before and after patient contact
Apply to all body fluids

Question 16

Contact precaution

Answer 16

Use gloves and gown
Used to decrease spread of c.Diff

Question 17

Droplet precaution

Answer 17

use surgical mask
Prevents spread of influenza

Question 18

Airborne infection isolation

Answer 18

Use N95 face mask or PAPR( powered air purifying respiratory

Prevent spread of small droplets like tuberculosis

Question 19

HEPA filtration

Answer 19

Positive pressure air flow to prevent infiltration of outside air. Eliminates bacteria

Question 20

What is in a VAP prevention bundle

Answer 20

Oral care, sedation vacation, and HOB 30-45 degrees

Question 21

What are the 3 types of disinfections

Answer 21

1.cleaning (first step) * never use bleach*
2. Disinfection (low level) - destroys pathogens except bacterial pores
3. Disinfection ( high level)- use chemicals to clean and kill bacterial spores * chemical used is alkaline glutaraldehyde that must be used within 14/30 days- rt must test solution prior to use and replace solution if it’s bad
4. Sterilization- destroys all microorganisms *most effective way to kill bacterial spores is via autoclave ( stream sterilization)

Question 22

What’s the point of infection control

Answer 22

To prevent cross infection

Question 23

What equipment helps reduce endotracheal tube contamination

Answer 23

Heat and moisture exchange(HME) and high efficiency particulate aerosol(HEPA)