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Intro To Resp Care > Ch 16 Bedside Assessment > Flashcards

Ch 16 Bedside Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 critical life functions?

A
  1. Ventilation: open airways and breathe
  2. Oxygenation: increase fio2
  3. Circulation: chest compression, difibs drugs
  4. Perfusion: increase blood pressure
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2
Q

What to do if patient is diaphoretic after given treatment?

A

Stop and assess

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3
Q

What are the definitions of signs and symptoms

A

Signs: objective info
Symptoms: the sensation or subjective experience of some aspect of an illness

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4
Q

What are pack years?

A

of packs per day x the # of years smoked

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5
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

An excess of hemoglobin characteristics of the COPD patients in response to chronic hypoxemia they have

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6
Q

What is cachexia?

A

Patients are thin, “wasting away”, have general ill health are malnourished and weak

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7
Q

What is jaundice and what does it indicate

A

Yellowing of the skin. Indicates liver failure, look at bilirubin lab

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8
Q

What is erythema

A

Redness of skin

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9
Q

Central cyanosis vs. peripheral cyanosis

A

Central cyanosis- cyanosis of the oral mucosa or trunk

Peripheral cyanosis- observed in the hands, fingertips and nail beds of hands and feet

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10
Q

What is digital clubbing

A

Notice and inspect the angulation of your patients nail bed to assess hypoxemia

Rounded fingernails

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11
Q

What is the main cause of hypoxemia

A

V/Q mismatch

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12
Q

Normal values for SpO2, SaO2, PaO2

A

SpO2: 93-98%
SaO2: 95-100%
PaO2: 80-100 mmhg
60-79 mild hypoxemia
40-59 moderate
<40 severe

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13
Q

What is ALOC and AMS

A

ALOC( altered level of consciousness)
AMS( altered mental status)
Both common descriptors to determine level of consciousness

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14
Q

If any adverse reactions to medication, what should you do?

A

Stop treatment, assess patient and call the doctor with a recommendation for different treatment

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15
Q

Is an interview with the patient considered part of the physical assessment?

A

No it’s not, it’s used to help determine their level of consciousness

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16
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing except in upright position

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17
Q

What is the common treatment for CHF

A

A diuretic like Lasix. You’ll hear fine crackles when auscultating

18
Q

When a patient is SOB, what should you not do

A

Assume it’s anxiety, find the cause of it

19
Q

What is phlegm

A

Mucus from tracheobronchial tree that is not contaminated by oral secretion

20
Q

What is sputum

A

Mucus from lower airways but is expectorated through the mouth

21
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood or bloody sputum from the lungs

22
Q

What are the 3 things in sputum analysis

A
  1. Amount of sputum
  2. Consistency
  3. Color
23
Q

Fever( hyperthermia) aka febrile

A
24
Q

What is normal urine output

A

40 ml/hr approximately 1 liter/day

25
Q

Decreased CVP vs increased CVP

A

Decreased CVP: <2 mmhg indicates hypovolemia ( lack of fluid)

Increase CVP: >6 mmhg indicates hypervolemia ( excess fluid)

26
Q

Normal heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

Tachycardia- increased HR
Bradycardia- decreased HR

27
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12-20 per min for adults

Apnea- no respirations
Tachypnea- RR greater than 20~ caused by fever, hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis

Bradypnea- RR less than 12~ caused by traumatic brain, hypothermia, and meds

28
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension

A

Postural change which causes a quick decrease in blood pressure

29
Q

Blood pressure

A

120/80 with range of 140/90 to 90/60

30
Q

With tension pneumothorax, which way does the trachea shift

A

Shifts away from affected site

31
Q

With atelectasis, which way does the trachea shift

A

Shifts towards affected site

32
Q

What’s hyper resonant

A

Found in lungs where pneumothorax or emphysema is present

33
Q

Pleural effusion can be confirmed with CXR if what is present

A

Blunting of costophrenic angles

34
Q

What are the 4 steps in physical assessment

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Percussion
  4. Auscultation
35
Q

Increased resonance vs decreased resonance

A

Increased resonance: any disease process that has excess air

Decreased resonance: any disease that has excess fluid and or lack of air

36
Q

Fine crackles

A

Sudden opening of small airways

Treat with IPPB, diuretics and oxygen

37
Q

Coarse crackles aka rhonchi, rales

A

Large airways secretions and the patient needs suction

38
Q

Marked stridor

A

Upper airway obstruction
Airway emergency, must intubate

39
Q

What are wheezes

A

Consistent with bronchospasm( bronchoconstriction)

40
Q

Diminished breath sounds

A

Occurs when sound transmission cannot occur due to loss of space where gas exchange occurs

Intro To Resp Care (13 decks)

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