final exam Flashcards
what is Scientia?
Scientia refers to comprehension, understanding, and objective knowledge
what is sapientia
sapientia refers to wisdom, subjective understanding of how things operate and decision making.
what are some differences between objective and subjective knowledge
objective means its a type of knowledge that can be agreed upon by everyone, regardless of background or context.
subjective refers to knowledge related to the perspective of the individual experiences and in respect to surroundings. (using adjectives instead of numbers)
what is the modeling relation
The modeling relation is based on the universally accepted belief that the world has some sort of order associated with it. It depicts the process of assigning interpretations to events in the world in a diagrammatic form. (ie. how we interpreted existence vs how it actually is)( we will never know)
what is the scientific method
an orderly process of asking questions about the natural world and attempting to answer these questions through experimentation and date collection.
how is science objective
science attempts to describe, explain and understand the world in terms that are quantitative and empirical and that can be agreed upon.
what are the characteristics of life?
complex organization
energy processing
response to stimuli
regulation
growth, development,
evolutionary adaption
what is mechanism
the idea that living things are just highly complex machines and the separation between us and machines is our limited understanding.
what is vitalism
the idea that the origin of life is dependent on a force or principle distinct from purely physical or chemical properties.
the idea that for something to be alive it must have/are governed by a life force/soul/spirit/elan vital.
what are emergent properties
properties that arise from the interaction of multiple components within a system, but are not properties of the individual components themselves
what are the levels of complex organization
biosphere-ecosystem-community-population-organism-organs-tissue-cell-organelle-molecule.
what are the three domains?
Archaea, Eukarya, Bacteria
what are the characteristics of bacteria
Bacteria are microscopic ,prokaryotic, single celled organism, cell was is made of PGN, they are most abundant life on earth, some cause disease.
what are the characteristics of the domain archaea
microscopic, prokaryotic, single cell organisms, lives in extreme environments, they do not cause disease or illness.
what are the characteristics of the domain Eukarya
most are macroscopic, some microscopic, Eukaryotic, can be single or multicellular, four kingdom’s make up this domain.
what does prokaryotic mean?
what are some examples of prokaryotes?
a prokaryote is any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to absence of internal membranes.
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms.
what are some differences between archaea and bacteria
Bacteria can cause illnesses, Archaean’s do not.
bacteria cells walls have peptidoglycan, Archaean cell walls do not.
Archaean cell walls do not. Bacteria engage in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle; archaea do not
what does eukaryotic mean
eukaryotic refers to an organism that has a clearly defined nucleus surrounded by a membrane
eukaryotic refers to an organism that has a clearly defined nucleus surrounded by a membrane
the 5 kingdoms system holds Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera.
the 6 kingdom system splits Monera into 2 groups; Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. the other 4 remain the same.
what are some characteristics of the kingdom Animalia
Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms without cell walls, heterotrophic (consume other organisms for food), capable of movement, including animals like humans and insects
what are some characteristics of the kingdom Plantae
Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms with cellulose cell walls, autotrophic (photosynthesize to produce their own food), reproduction is both asexual and sexual, including plants like trees and flowers
what are some characteristics of the kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cell walls made of mainly chitin, heterotrophic (feed on decaying organic matter), spore reproduction, non-vascular including mushrooms and molds
what are some characteristics of the kingdom Protista
Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms (lacking a nucleus), asexual or binary fission reproduction, peptidoglycan cell wall, multiple modes of nutrition, including bacteria; most are microscopic and can live in diverse environments.
are viruses living or non-living? Why or Why not?
viruses are considered non-living.
without a host cell a virus cant replicate. they also don’t need to consume any form of energy, and it cannot regulate its own temperature. It is only a shell of protein and DNA that can survive indefinitely until it comes in contact with other cells.