exam 1

Question 1

what is biology?

Answer 1

the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution. OR the plants and animals of a particular area.

Question 2

why study biology?

Answer 2

to gain knowledge to understand life, medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, and to protect the environment.

Question 3

what is the difference between Scientia and sapientia?

Answer 3

Scientia relates to comprehension, understanding, and objective knowledge.
sapientia refers to wisdom, subjective understanding of how things operate and decision making.

Question 4

what is the difference between objective and subjective knowledge.

Answer 4

objective means its a type of knowledge that can be agreed upon by everyone, regardless of background or context.

subjective refers to knowledge related to the perspective of the individual experiences and in respect to surroundings. (using adjectives instead of numbers)

Question 5

What is the modeling relation?

Answer 5

The modeling relation is based on the universally accepted belief that the world has some sort of order associated with it. It depicts the process of assigning interpretations to events in the world in a diagrammatic form. (ie. how we interpreted existence vs how it actually is)( we will never know)

Question 6

How is science objective knowledge?

Answer 6

science attempts to describe, explain and understand the world in terms that are quantitative and empirical and that can be agreed upon.

Question 7

what is the scientific method?

Answer 7

an orderly process of asking questions about the natural world and attempting to answer these questions through experimentation and date collection.

Question 8

hydrocarbon

Answer 8

a biomolecule that consists of a carbon backbone with hydrogen atoms attached.

hydrophobic(non-polar)

Question 9

functional groups

Answer 9

clusters of atoms attached to biomolecules that confer a specific chemical property.

a molecule that attaches to another molecule and gives it a radical new set of properties.

Question 10

name all functional groups

Answer 10

hydroxyl group
carboxyl group
amino group
phosphate group
sulfhydryl group

Question 11

polymers

Answer 11

chains of subunit molecules

Question 12

types of polymers and corresponding subunits

Answer 12

carbohydrates - saccharides
proteins - amino acids
lipids - fatty acids
nucleic acids - nucleotides

Question 13

what is dehydration synthesis

Answer 13

process by which polymers are assembled from subunit molecules.

the H and OH at the end of polymers must be removed so that they can bond.

Question 14

what is hydrolysis

Answer 14

the process by which polymers and disassembled into subunit molecules.

the exact reverse of dehydration synthesis.

Question 15

what do carbohydrates do

Answer 15

-short term energy storage
-provides structure
-cell recognition(identifying blood types)

Question 16

what are examples of carbohydrates

Answer 16

-polymers of saccharides
like glucose, glycogen(animals), starch(plants), chitin(animals), cellulose(plants),
glucose, fructose, glactose, ribose

Question 17

is carbohydrates are polymers of saccharides, ie monosaccharides, what are some disaccharides?

Answer 17

maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 18

what are the main function of proteins

Answer 18

structure: collagen

Question 19

what is mechanism?

Answer 19

the idea that living things are just highly complex machines and the separation between us and machines is our limited understanding.

Question 20

what is vitalism?

Answer 20

the idea that the origin of life is dependent on a force or principle distinct from purely physical or chemical properties.

the idea that for something to be alive it must have/are governed by a life force/soul/spirit/elan vital.

Question 21

What is the difference between hypo and hypertonic solutions

Answer 21

Hypotonic is a lower solute concentration, it has more water. When the water in the membrane moves from the hypotonic side to the hypertonic side.

Hypertonic is a higher solute concentration, it has less water. So the water leaves the cell.

Question 22

who contributed to the ideas of mechanism and vitalism?

Answer 22

William Harvey is a prominent contributor to the idea of mechanism when he discovered the complete circulatory system.

Rene Depart is attributed with connecting consciousness with life. i.e. “Cogito Ergo Sum.”

Erwin Schrodinger contributed with his book “what is life” explaining that life is material, energy and information.

Question 23

what are the characteristics of life? how can they help us define what’s living and non-living?

Answer 23

complex organization
energy processing
response to stimuli
regulation
growth, development,
evolutionary adaption

Question 24

what are some things that separate the living with the non-living.

Answer 24

living things cannot be resembled or reanimated.

Question 25

what are emergent properties

Answer 25

properties that arise from the interaction of multiple components within a system, but are not properties of the individual components themselves.

Question 26

what is autopoiesis?

Answer 26

autopoiesis is the idea that life has the capacity to reproduce itself, self regeneration and regulating living systems.

Question 27

what are the levels of complex organization?

Answer 27

biosphere-ecosystem-community-population-organism-organs-tissue-cell-organelle-molecule-atom.

Question 28

what are the domains of life?

Answer 28

Bacteria-Archaea-Eukarya

Question 29

what are the characteristics of bacteria?

Answer 29

bacteria are microscopic, prokaryotic, single cell organisms, cell wall is made of PGN, they are the most abundant life on earth, and some strands cause disease.

Question 30

what are the characteristics of domain Archaea

Answer 30

microscopic, prokaryotic, single cell organisms, lives in extreme environments, they do not cause disease or illness.

Question 31

what are the characteristics of Eukarya

Answer 31

most are macroscopic, some microscopic, Eukaryotic, can be single or multicellular, four kingdom’s make up this domain.

Question 32

what are the four kingdoms of life

Answer 32

animalia, fungi, Protista, plantae

Question 33

what is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable

Answer 33

the affect of the independent variable is what’s being measured. (the affect of music on a plants height, the music is the thing being changed so it is the independent variable)

the dependent variable is the thing that’s being measured. (the affect of music on a plants height, the height is being measured so it is the dependent variable)

Question 34

what is a null hypothesis

Answer 34

the claim that the affect being studied does not exist. -the changing of these things has no affect, therefore cannot be studied.