Final 47 Flashcards
Entropion
Turning inward of the lashes Spasm Scarring Deformity Trauma
Ectropion
Turning outward and sagging of the eyelid
Aging
Drying, ulcers
Hordeolum
Stye Infection of eyelid sweat glands-internal or external Warm compress Ointment, opens and drains More painful
Chalazion
Inflammation of sebaceous glands in eyelid Eye fatigue Light sensitivity excessive tears Warm compress 4 times a day Ointment Less painful
Keratoconjuncitivits sicca
Dry eye syndrome
Drugs-antihistamine, anticholenergic, beta adrenergic
Diseases- RA, leukemia, sojourns
Conjunctival hemorrhage
Small well defined area of bright red hemorrhage under conjunctiva
No pain
No visual impairment
Resolved in 14 days without treatment
Conjunctival hemorrhage causes
HTN, trauma, clotting problem, increased pressure
Alllergic conjunctivitis treatment
Vasoconstrictors
Corticosteroids
Allergic or infectious conjunctivitis?
Culture drainage
Trachoma
Chronic conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia trachmatis
Scars conjunctiva- preventable blindness
Corneal abrasion
Scrape or scratch injury of the cornea
Corneal ulceration
Infection of corneal abrasion
Emergency! Can permanently impair vision
Keratoconus
Degeneration of corneal tissue, result abnormal shape.
Corneal transplant
Keratoplasty
Corneal transplant Antibiotic injections in eye Protective pressure patch Check vitals, report BP Lay on operative side Check dressing Prevent activities that increase IOP
Eye donors
Must be free of infectious disease or cancer at time of death
Care of potential eye donors
Elevate HOB 30 degrees
Apply antibiotic eye drops
Close eyelids, small ice pack
Cataract
Lens looses h2o
Increased density
Becomes opaque
Cataract image
Distorted image on retina
Early- slightly blurred and decreased color perception
Cataract surgery
Affects ADLs
Drops several times per day for 2-4 weeks
No anticoagulants
Eye drops instilled prior to surgery for paralysis
Phacoemulsification
Sound waves break up lens, then suction out
New intraoccular lens
Postoperative
Antibiotics given subconjunctivally Unpatched Normal discharge within 1 hour Dark glasses Mild itching normal PAIN indicates complications Reduce IOP Prevent infection Bleeding?
Glaucoma
Increased ocular pressure
Cupping and atrophy of optic disc
Glaucoma symptoms
Headache Brow pain N&V Colored halos around lights Sudden blurred vision with decreased light perception
Types of glaucoma
Primary open- angle (common)
Angle-closure glaucoma (emergency)
Tonometry
Measures IOP
Perimetry
Screen visual fields
Gonioscopy
Differentiates between open or closed glaucoma
Optic nerve imaging
3-D view of back of eye
Used for those with increased risk for glaucoma
Glaucoma teaching
Only benefit from drugs with scheduled dosing. Do not miss!!!
Macular degeneration
Impairment of central vision
