Chapter 49 Flashcards
Normal changes in musculoskeletal system
Thinning vertebral disks Shortening of spinal column Kyphosis Spinal compression Bone thinning Cartilage rigid/fragile Ligaments less elastic Decreased muscle mass
Normal changes….. when to call DR
When affecting ADLs
Physiologic consequences of immobility
DVT, PE, fluid overload, orthostatic hypotension, pooled secretions, contractures, pressure ulcers, atrophy , constipation, UTI, sepsis, stones, stasis
Serous calcium
9.0-10.5
Serum phosphorous
3.0-4.5
Alkaline phosphatase
ALP
30-120
Rises with osteoblasts activity
Myelography
Injection of contrast medium into subarachnoid of spine
Arthrogram
X-ray of joint after air or contrast medium injected
Bone scan
Radionuclide test for viewing entire skeleton
Tumors
Gallium and thallium scan
Similar to bone scan
Substance migrates to brain, liver, breasts
Looking for metasitized cancer
Electromyography
Low electrical currents, peripheral nerve disorders
Inspect for hematoma formation
No blood thinners! Coumadin, warfarin, fish oil, muscle relaxants
Biphosphonates
Prevent the loss of bone mass.
Risk for esophageal erosion!!!!!
Sit upright 30 mins and drink full glass of water!!!!!!!!!!3
Names some biphosphinates
Fosamax
Boniva
Reclast
Actonil
