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Exercise Physiology Lecture > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic Glucose:
Aerobic Glycogen:

A

32
33

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2
Q

Anaerobic glucose:
Anaerobic glycogen:

A

2
3

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3
Q

Pyruvate is converted into

A

Lactate

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4
Q

For each Ach that enters Krebs cycle, the product yields __ NADH, ___ FADH2, ___ ATP.

A

3 , 1, 1

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5
Q

In hemoglobin, ___ binds to ____.

A

O2 ; iron

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6
Q

The GI releases ___ for hunger.

A

Gherkin

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7
Q

T/F: Independent variable for a research study is the factor that is controlled by the study design

A

True

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8
Q

Blood pooling can be prevented by activation of ______.

A

Muscle pump

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9
Q

Compared to untrained inviduals, trained endurance athletes have a higher maximal _______.

A

Stroke volume

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10
Q

During exercise, the oxygen diffusion capacity increases dramatically because _____ venous O2 content _____ the PO2 gradient.

A

Lower ; Increases

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11
Q

If PO2 of the conditions is high, a large change in PO2…

A

A small change in hemoglobin saturation

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12
Q

If blood pressure is relatively low, will it have an effect on stroke volume?

A

Yes, b/c left ventricle pumps against less resistance

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13
Q

If chemoreceptors stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth, it is because what?

A

Excess CO2 needs to be blown off

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14
Q

Membrane potential changes from -___ to -___ for depolarization.

A

60 to -35

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15
Q

Strength increases in older populations, is primarily due to

A

Neural adaptations

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16
Q

A capillary bed across an exercising muscle has a _____ difference compared to a resting scale.

A

Greater

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17
Q

50 Meter Sprint is a ____ system activity

A

ATP-PCR

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18
Q

The decision to voluntarily move a body part comes from the ____ motor cortex

A

Primary

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19
Q

The primary purpose of NADH is….

A

Water retention

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20
Q

process of excitation of motor nerve

A

Excitation contraction coupling

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21
Q

The sympathetic nervous system would contribute to increased _____.

A

Heart rate

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22
Q

When circulation norepinephrine and epinephrine lead to increased stroke volumes due to _____ cardiac contractility.

A

Increased

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23
Q

Which ion transport is engaged at rest to maintain resting membrane potential?

A

Na+ K pump

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24
Q

What is the correct order of events of muscle contraction?

A
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25
Q

What is considered to be a normal hematocrit reading?

A

40%

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26
Q

RER at rest is ___ or ____.

A

0.79 ; 0.80

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27
Q

Bohr effect is important because what?

A

Ability to unload more oxygen

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28
Q

Who addressed issues superficially regarding female athletes?

A

Barbara Drinkwater

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29
Q

What combines with H+ and electrons at the end of the electron transport chain?

A

O2

30
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme for glycolic pathway?

A

PFK

31
Q

Non steroid hormones use __________ as intracellular chemicals to help bring about their intended feats

A

Second messengers

32
Q

T3 & T4 are responsible for all of the following except _________.

A

Inhibiting protein synthesis

33
Q

Which protein covers the myosin binding site prevent in contraction from happening at rest?

A

Tropomyosin

34
Q

If clients EDV = 110 ml, ESV = 40ml, heart rate = 60bpm;

What is the cardiac output (q) in l/min

A

Stroke volume: EDV - ESV
Q: SV x HR

35
Q

Cardiac muscle found only in the _____.

A

Heart

36
Q

Epimysium surrounds ____.

A

Muscle

37
Q

Endomysium surrounds _______.

A

Muscle fiber

38
Q

A bands of the sarcomere are ____ and ____.

A

Think and thick

39
Q

A normal resting heart rate is determined by ________ and _______.

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

40
Q

At rest, the ______ and ______ receive about ____ cardiac output.

A

Livers ; kidneys ; 50%

41
Q

Resting cardiac output is approximately ____ L/min, while cardiac output during exercise can increase up to ___ L/min.

A

5 - 25

42
Q

For most individuals, stroke volume starts to plateau at approximately 50% ____.

A

VO2max

43
Q

_____ are the vessels primarily responsible for controlling vascular resistance.

A

Arterioles

44
Q

If dehydration causes hematocit to rise to 60%, what is the consequence?

A

Diminished exercise capacity due to higher viscosity

45
Q

When sympathetic vasoconstriction is blunted in exercising muscle, it is referred to as ______.

A

Sympatholysis

46
Q

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after exhalation cannot be exhaled is ____.

A

Residual volume

47
Q

Lung volume capacities and flow rates are measured using a technique called _____.

A

Spirometry

48
Q

When the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts during exercise, what is the result?

A

O2 unloading becomes at the muscles

49
Q

Gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries occurs at the _____.

A

Respiratory membrane

50
Q

If PO2 in the blood entering the alveoli is 40 mmHg and the PO2 of the alveoli is 105 mmHg, then oxygen will diffuse from ____ and _____.

A

Alveoli and blood

51
Q

When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin, this molecule is called _____.

A

Carbaminohoemoglobin

52
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers are most similar to what skeletal muscle?

A

Type 1

53
Q

If a cross-country runner can no longer improve her VO2 max her performance can still continue to improve training due to increase in her

A

Lactate threshold

54
Q

Anaerobic training in 30s bout increases all but which of the following enzymes?

A

Citrate synthesis

55
Q

Which of the following is not a mechanism of increased stroke volume after endurance training ?

A

Increased resting and submaximal heart rate.

56
Q

Which of the following is not a mechanism of increased stroke volume after endurance training ?

A

Left ventricle due to hypertrophy

57
Q

After aerobic trining, RER ___.

A

Decreases

58
Q

The acronym EAMC is ______.

A

Exercise associated muscle cramps

59
Q

Plasma volume increases during the first two weeks of aerobic training because plasma protein synthesis ______.

A

Increases

60
Q

The net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one glycogen is ____ ATP.

A

39

61
Q

The resting membrane potential in cells of the nervous system is about ___mV.

A

-70

62
Q

According to ________, at a given constant temperature, pressure, and volume are inversely proportional to each other.

A

Boyles Law

63
Q

The mechanism that underlies preload’s effect on stroke volume is _______

A

Frank starling mechanism

64
Q

The respiratory centers are located in the medulla oblongata of the brain, which establish the rate and depth of breathing via signals to ______ muscles

A

Respiratory

65
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are collectively known as ________ which are released by the ________ gland.

A

Catecholamines ; adrenal medulla

66
Q

_________ help conduct the action potential from one
heart cell to the next heart cell.

A

Intercalated discs

67
Q

The “pacemaker” cells of the heart are located in the ____ of the heart.

A

SA Node

68
Q

The _______ test is the closest to the gold standard to measure anaerobic power.

A

Wingate anaerobic

69
Q

When marathons runners “hit the wall” around mile 20, _____ depletion is the most likely explanation for the sudden onset of fatigue.

A

Glycogen

70
Q

Which of the looking can result from a reduction in plasma volume?

A

Decreased blood pressure and increased cardiovascular strain

71
Q

4 important predictors of a successful endurance athlete. (VLtEeMft)

A
  1. VO2max
  2. Lactate threshold
  3. Economy of effort
  4. Muscle fiber type

Exercise Physiology Lecture (11 decks)

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