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Exercise Physiology Lecture > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

40% of substrate energy is converted into?

A

ATP

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2
Q

60% of substrate energy is converted to?

A

Heat

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3
Q

_____ production increases with energy production.

A

Heat

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4
Q

Heat production can be measured using which measuring device?

A

Calorimeter

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5
Q

What are the pros of direct calorimetry?

A
  • Directly measures heat
  • Accurate for total body energy expenditure over time
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6
Q

Indirect calorimetry is ____ and ______ compared to direct calorimetry.

A

Easier ; less expensive

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7
Q

Indirect calorimetry estimates total body energy expenditure based on ______ used, ______ produced during __________.

A

O2, CO2, oxidative phosphorylation

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8
Q

Why is it called indirect calorimetry?

A

Heat is measured indirectly

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9
Q

Indirect calorimetry is only accurate for __________ metabolism.

A

Steady-state oxidative

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10
Q

Volume of O2 consumed per minute (VO2) is considered as the rate of _________.

A

O2 consumption

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11
Q

Volume of CO2 produced per minute (VCO2), it is referred to as the rate of ___________.

A

CO2 production

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12
Q

What is the atmospheric air composition?

A
  • Nitrogen: 79.03%
  • Oxygen: 20.93%
  • Other: 1.20%
  • CO2: 0.03%
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13
Q

What is the fraction of O2 in inspired air?

A

0.2093

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14
Q

What is the fraction of CO2 in inspired air?

A

(0.0003)

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15
Q

What can indirect calorimetry determine?

A

Substrate utilization

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16
Q

What does O2 usage depend on?

A

Type of fuel being oxidized

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17
Q

Amount of _____ needed to oxidize a carbohydrate or a fat is proportional to _________ in that substrate.

A

O2 ; amount of carbon

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18
Q

More carbon atoms in molecule = ________

A

More O2 needed

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19
Q

Which compound needs more O2? Why?

Glucose: C6H12O6

Palmitic acid (C16H32O2)

A

Palmitic acid; because it has more carbons which requires more oxygen usage

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20
Q

What is the ratio between rates of CO2 production, O2 usage?

A

Respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

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21
Q

What is the RER equation?

A

RER = VCO2/VO2

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22
Q

What is the RER if there are 23O2 & 16 CO2?

A

0.70

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23
Q

At rest & modern diet, RER is equivalent to what?

A

0.80

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24
Q

T/F: CO2 production might not = CO2 exhalation.

A

True

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25
Q

What occurs during Hyperventilation?

A

Greater CO2 elimination

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26
Q

What occurs during Lactic acid buffering?

A

Greater non-metabolic CO2

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27
Q

T/F: RER near 1.0 will accurately predict fuel type.

A

False; it MIGHT not accurately predict fuel type

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28
Q

RER = __________________ / ____________

A

CO2 produced in metabolism ; O2 consumed

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29
Q

Respiratory Quotient = ___________ / ____________

A

CO2 eliminated ; O2 consumed

30
Q

RER is ________ for protein oxidation.

A

Inaccurate

31
Q

What does RER do to protein?

A

Ignores protein

32
Q

Why is RER not used for protein?

A

Protein not completely oxidized

33
Q

Based on that assumption that HR is linearly related to VO2, ________ can determine regression line for VO2:HR relation during submaximal exercise.

A

Heart Rate Monitoring

34
Q

We can estimate ______ from ______ in other exercise settings.

A

VO2 ; HR

35
Q

What does a pedometer measure?

A

Steps

36
Q

What are some limitations of pedometers and accelerometers? (IDDL)

A
  • Inaccurate step counts at slow speeds
  • Differnt readings dependent on where they are worn
  • Do not account for anthropometric differences
  • Lack of calibration
37
Q

What do accelerometers detect?

A

Acceleration which is translated to measurement of movement

38
Q

What are the types of self-report methods?

A
  • Activity questionnaires
  • Physical activity records or diaries
39
Q

What is the rate of energy used by the body?

A

Metabolic rate

40
Q

What does knowing a persons VO2 let us estimate?

A

Caloric expenditure

41
Q

What is the rate of energy expenditure at rest?

A

Basal metabolic rate

42
Q

What are 3 requirements for measuring Basal metabolic rate?

A
  1. in supine position
  2. Thermoneutral environment
  3. After 8 h sleep and 12 h fasting
43
Q

What does BMR reflect?

A

Minimum energy needed for living

44
Q

BMR can also be affected by what? (Bsa,A,S,H,Bt)

A
  • Body surface area
  • age
  • stress
  • hormones
  • body temperature
45
Q

Resting metabolic rate is similar to what?

A

BMR

46
Q

T/F: RMR requires stringent standardized conditions/

A

False

47
Q

Athletes in intense training can be up to ________ kcal/day

A

10,000

48
Q

Metabolic rate increases with _________.

A

Exercise intensity

49
Q

What is our maximal O2 uptake referred as?

A

VO2 max

50
Q

What is the best single measurement of aerobic fitness?

A

VO2max

51
Q

VO2max improvement plateaus after _________ weeks of training.

A

8-12

52
Q

More training allows athletes to to compete at _______________,

A

Higher percentage of VO2max

53
Q

VO2 max is more common in ______. While VO2 peak is more common in ______.

A

Trained people ; untrained people

54
Q

Sex difference in VO2 max is due to womens lower _________.

A

FFM and Hb

55
Q

T/F: No activity 100% aerobic or anaerobic.

A

True

56
Q

Estimates of anaerobic contribution to sustained exercise. (2)

A
  • EPOC
  • Lactate threshold
57
Q

T/F: Exercise onset: O2 demand > O2 consumed

A

True

58
Q

O2 deficit =

A

Difference between O2 required & O2 consumed

59
Q

During exercise onset, the body incurs ______.

A

O2 deficit

60
Q

ATP is generated through _______ pathways.

A

Anaerobic

61
Q

T/F: Exercise end: O2 consumed < O2 demand.

A

False; it is the other way around

62
Q

During exercise end, muscle activity is stopped but, _____________.

A

O2 consumption drops gradually

63
Q

During exercise end, what goes into effect? (E)

A

Excess postexercise O2 consumption (EPOC)

64
Q

What is the point at which blood lactate accumulation increases markedly?

A

Lactate threshold

65
Q

What is usually expressed as percentage of VO2max?

A
66
Q

T/F: Lactate production rate > lactate clearance rate.

A

True

67
Q

Lactate can be used to oxidized type ____ fibers.

A

1

68
Q

What is the possible reason that lactate production rate > lactate clearance rate?

A

Shift to anaerobic glycolysis

69
Q

The greater the lactate threshold = ____________

A

Endurance performance

70
Q

T/F: For two athletes with same VO2max, higher lactate threshold predict better performance

A

True

71
Q

_______: LT at 50% - 60% VO2max
_______: LT at 70% - 80% VO2max

A

Untrained people
Elite end athletes

72
Q

As athletes become more skilled, the use of less energy for given pace =

A

More economical

Exercise Physiology Lecture (11 decks)

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