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Exercise Physiology Lecture > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

40% of substrate energy is converted into?

A

ATP

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2
Q

60% of substrate energy is converted to?

A

Heat

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3
Q

_____ production increases with energy production.

A

Heat

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4
Q

Heat production can be measured using which measuring device?

A

Calorimeter

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5
Q

What are the pros of direct calorimetry?

A
  • Directly measures heat
  • Accurate for total body energy expenditure over time
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6
Q

Indirect calorimetry is ____ and ______ compared to direct calorimetry.

A

Easier ; less expensive

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7
Q

Indirect calorimetry estimates total body energy expenditure based on ______ used, ______ produced during __________.

A

O2, CO2, oxidative phosphorylation

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8
Q

Why is it called indirect calorimetry?

A

Heat is measured indirectly

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9
Q

Indirect calorimetry is only accurate for __________ metabolism.

A

Steady-state oxidative

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10
Q

Volume of O2 consumed per minute (VO2) is considered as the rate of _________.

A

O2 consumption

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11
Q

Volume of CO2 produced per minute (VCO2), it is referred to as the rate of ___________.

A

CO2 production

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12
Q

What is the atmospheric air composition?

A
  • Nitrogen: 79.03%
  • Oxygen: 20.93%
  • Other: 1.20%
  • CO2: 0.03%
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13
Q

What is the fraction of O2 in inspired air?

A

0.2093

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14
Q

What is the fraction of CO2 in inspired air?

A

(0.0003)

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15
Q

What can indirect calorimetry determine?

A

Substrate utilization

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16
Q

What does O2 usage depend on?

A

Type of fuel being oxidized

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17
Q

Amount of _____ needed to oxidize a carbohydrate or a fat is proportional to _________ in that substrate.

A

O2 ; amount of carbon

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18
Q

More carbon atoms in molecule = ________

A

More O2 needed

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19
Q

Which compound needs more O2? Why?

Glucose: C6H12O6

Palmitic acid (C16H32O2)

A

Palmitic acid; because it has more carbons which requires more oxygen usage

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20
Q

What is the ratio between rates of CO2 production, O2 usage?

A

Respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

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21
Q

What is the RER equation?

A

RER = VCO2/VO2

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22
Q

What is the RER if there are 23O2 & 16 CO2?

A

0.70

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23
Q

At rest & modern diet, RER is equivalent to what?

A

0.80

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24
Q

T/F: CO2 production might not = CO2 exhalation.

A

True

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25
What occurs during Hyperventilation?
Greater CO2 elimination
26
What occurs during Lactic acid buffering?
Greater non-metabolic CO2
27
T/F: RER near 1.0 will accurately predict fuel type.
False; it MIGHT not accurately predict fuel type
28
RER = __________________ / ____________
CO2 produced in metabolism ; O2 consumed
29
Respiratory Quotient = ___________ / ____________
CO2 eliminated ; O2 consumed
30
RER is ________ for protein oxidation.
Inaccurate
31
What does RER do to protein?
Ignores protein
32
Why is RER not used for protein?
Protein not completely oxidized
33
Based on that assumption that HR is linearly related to VO2, ________ can determine regression line for VO2:HR relation during submaximal exercise.
Heart Rate Monitoring
34
We can estimate ______ from ______ in other exercise settings.
VO2 ; HR
35
What does a pedometer measure?
Steps
36
What are some limitations of pedometers and accelerometers? (IDDL)
- Inaccurate step counts at slow speeds - Differnt readings dependent on where they are worn - Do not account for anthropometric differences - Lack of calibration
37
What do accelerometers detect?
Acceleration which is translated to measurement of movement
38
What are the types of self-report methods?
- Activity questionnaires - Physical activity records or diaries
39
What is the rate of energy used by the body?
Metabolic rate
40
What does knowing a persons VO2 let us estimate?
Caloric expenditure
41
What is the rate of energy expenditure at rest?
Basal metabolic rate
42
What are 3 requirements for measuring Basal metabolic rate?
1. in supine position 2. Thermoneutral environment 3. After 8 h sleep and 12 h fasting
43
What does BMR reflect?
Minimum energy needed for living
44
BMR can also be affected by what? (Bsa,A,S,H,Bt)
- Body surface area - age - stress - hormones - body temperature
45
Resting metabolic rate is similar to what?
BMR
46
T/F: RMR requires stringent standardized conditions/
False
47
Athletes in intense training can be up to ________ kcal/day
10,000
48
Metabolic rate increases with _________.
Exercise intensity
49
What is our maximal O2 uptake referred as?
VO2 max
50
What is the best single measurement of aerobic fitness?
VO2max
51
VO2max improvement plateaus after _________ weeks of training.
8-12
52
More training allows athletes to to compete at _______________,
Higher percentage of VO2max
53
VO2 max is more common in ______. While VO2 peak is more common in ______.
Trained people ; untrained people
54
Sex difference in VO2 max is due to womens lower _________.
FFM and Hb
55
T/F: No activity 100% aerobic or anaerobic.
True
56
Estimates of anaerobic contribution to sustained exercise. (2)
- EPOC - Lactate threshold
57
T/F: Exercise onset: O2 demand > O2 consumed
True
58
O2 deficit =
Difference between O2 required & O2 consumed
59
During exercise onset, the body incurs ______.
O2 deficit
60
ATP is generated through _______ pathways.
Anaerobic
61
T/F: Exercise end: O2 consumed < O2 demand.
False; it is the other way around
62
During exercise end, muscle activity is stopped but, _____________.
O2 consumption drops gradually
63
During exercise end, what goes into effect? (E)
Excess postexercise O2 consumption (EPOC)
64
What is the point at which blood lactate accumulation increases markedly?
Lactate threshold
65
What is usually expressed as percentage of VO2max?
66
T/F: Lactate production rate > lactate clearance rate.
True
67
Lactate can be used to oxidized type ____ fibers.
1
68
What is the possible reason that lactate production rate > lactate clearance rate?
Shift to anaerobic glycolysis
69
The greater the lactate threshold = ____________
Endurance performance
70
T/F: For two athletes with same VO2max, higher lactate threshold predict better performance
True
71
_______: LT at 50% - 60% VO2max _______: LT at 70% - 80% VO2max
Untrained people Elite end athletes
72
As athletes become more skilled, the use of less energy for given pace =
More economical

Exercise Physiology Lecture (11 decks)

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