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Exercise Physiology Lecture > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

These two definitions represent what term?

  1. “Decrements in muscular performance with continued effort, accompanied by sensations of tiredness”
  2. Inability to maintain required power output to continue muscular work at given intensity”
A

Fatigue

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2
Q

T/F: fatigue is reversible by rest

A

True

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3
Q

What are the 4 major causes of fatigue? Which of the 4 are peripheral fatigue and central fatigue?

A
  1. Inadequate energy delivery/metabolism
  2. Accumulation of metabolic by-products
  3. Failure of muscle contractile mechanism
  4. Altered neural control of muscle contraction

1-3: Peripheral
4: Central

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4
Q

_____ depletion coincides with fatigue.

A

PCr

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5
Q

Which energy system is used for short-term, high-intensity effort?

A

PCr

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6
Q

PCr gets depleted more quickly than total ____.

A

ATP

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7
Q

T/F: Pacing helps defer PCr depletion.

A

True

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8
Q

_____ reserves are limited and get depleted quickly.

A

Glycogen

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9
Q

Glycogen depletion is correlated with ______.

A

Fatigue

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10
Q

T/F: Glycogen depletion is related to total glycogen depletion.

A

True

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11
Q

Glycogen is depleted more quickly with ______ intensity.

A

High

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12
Q

Glycogen is depleted more quickly during first few _____ of exercise.

A

Minutes

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13
Q

T/F: Depletion of glycogen is different in various muscle groups.

A

True

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14
Q

Are activity specific muscles depleted the slowest or fastest?

A

Fastest

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15
Q

What metabolic by-product is derived from rapid breakdown of PCr, ATP?

A

Pi

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16
Q

Which metabolic by-product is retained by body, core temperature increases?

A

Heat

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17
Q

Which metabolic by-product is a product of anaerobic glycolysis?

A

Lactic acid

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18
Q

Which metabolic by-product causes muscle acidosis?

A

H+ accumulation

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19
Q

What is the chemical equitation for H+ accumulation?

A

H+ + lactic acid —> lactate + H+

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20
Q

T/F: Lactic acid accumulates during brief, low intensity exercise.

A

False; high intensity exercise

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21
Q

When lactic acid is not cleared immediately, it converts to ________.

A

Lactate + H+

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22
Q

What causes decrease in muscle pH (acidosis)?

A

H+ accumulation

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23
Q

What helps muscle pH but not enough?

A

Buffers

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24
Q

Buffers minimize drop in pH (____ to ____, not to ____).

A

7.1 to 6.5, not to 1.5

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25
What survives the presence of buffers but don’t function well?
Cells
26
If pH <___, inhibits glycolytic enzymes, ATP synthesis.
6.9
27
If pH = ___ , prevents further glycogen breakdown
6.4
28
____ alters metabolic rate.
Heat
29
How does heat alter metabolic rate? (IIH)
- Increase rate of carb utilization - Increase glycogen depletion - High muscle temperature may impair muscle function
30
Time to fatigue changes with _________.
Ambient temperature
31
Time to exhaustion is longest at ___ C*
11
32
Time to exhaustion is shortest at ____ C*.
31
33
T/F: Muscle precooling prolongs exercise
True
34
If failure occurs at ________, it can prevent ______ activation.
Neuromuscular junction ; muscle
35
What are the 4 possible causes of failure occurring at neuromuscular junction preventing muscle activation?
1. Reduced ACh synthesis and release 2. Altered ACh breakdown in synapse 3. Increase in muscle fiber stimulus threshold 4. Altered muscle resting membrane potential
36
Fatigue may inhibit ____ release from SR.
Ca+2
37
T/F: CNS undoubtedly plays role in fatigue but not fully understood yet.
True
38
Fiber recruitment has _____ aspect.
Conscious
39
Energy delivery/metabolism is related to depletion of what?
PCr & glycogen
40
Metabolic by-product is related to which acid & element?
lactic acid & H+
41
Regarding psychobiological aspects, conscious decision is used to terminate ____.
Activity
42
In psychobiological aspects, there is an interaction between ______ and ______.
Perception of effort & motivation
43
What is a psychobiological strategy to reduce fatigue?
Self-talk
44
What are the 8 factors that influence fatigue during exercise? (IDFTADAH)
1. Intensity 2. Duration 3. Fiber type of involved muscles 4. Training status 5. Age 6. Diet 7. Ambient temperate 8. Humidity
45
Which soreness is during and immediately after exercise?
Acute
46
Which soreness is one to two days later?
Delayed-onset soreness
47
Edema —> ________
Acute muscle swelling
48
Acute muscle soreness disappears within several _____ after exercise.
Hours
49
T/F: DOMS can range from stiffness to severe, restrictive pain.
True
50
What is a major cause of DOMS?
Eccentric contractions
51
What is an example of DOMS occurring via eccentric contractions?
Level run pain < downhill run pain
52
Structural damage is indicated by _______ enzymes in blood.
Muscle
53
_______ are anchoring points of contact for contractile proteins.
Sarcomere Z-disks
54
Muscle damage precipitates _______.
Hypertrophy
55
________ and soreness are connected.
Inflammation
56
_____ blood cell count increases with soreness.
White
57
Substances released initiate ________.
Inflammation
58
_______ remove cell debris.
Macrophages
59
T/F: High tension in muscle can lead to structural damage to muscle, cell membrane.
True
60
What is the sequence of events in DOMS?
1. High tension in muscle —> structural damage to muscle, cell membrane 2. Membrane damage disturbs Ca+2 homeostasis in injured fiber 3. After a few hours, circulating neutrophils increase 4. Products of macrophage activity, intracellular contents accumulate 5. Fluid and electrolytes shift into the area creating edema.
61
___—> reduced muscle force generation
DOMS
62
Loss of strength results from what 3 factors?
- Physical disruption of muscle - Failure in excitation-contraction coupling (apparently most important) - Loss of contractile protein
63
T/F: Must reduce DOMS for effective training
True
64
What are 3 strategies to reduce DOMS?
1. Minimize eccentric work early in training 2. Start with low intensity and progress slowly 3. Start with high-intensity, exhaustive training
65
Factors associated with DOMS are potentially important or stimulating __________.
Muscle hypertrophy
66
What is likely necessary to maximize training response?
DOMS

Exercise Physiology Lecture (11 decks)

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