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Exercise Physiology Lecture > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

These two definitions represent what term?

  1. “Decrements in muscular performance with continued effort, accompanied by sensations of tiredness”
  2. Inability to maintain required power output to continue muscular work at given intensity”
A

Fatigue

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2
Q

T/F: fatigue is reversible by rest

A

True

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3
Q

What are the 4 major causes of fatigue? Which of the 4 are peripheral fatigue and central fatigue?

A
  1. Inadequate energy delivery/metabolism
  2. Accumulation of metabolic by-products
  3. Failure of muscle contractile mechanism
  4. Altered neural control of muscle contraction

1-3: Peripheral
4: Central

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4
Q

_____ depletion coincides with fatigue.

A

PCr

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5
Q

Which energy system is used for short-term, high-intensity effort?

A

PCr

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6
Q

PCr gets depleted more quickly than total ____.

A

ATP

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7
Q

T/F: Pacing helps defer PCr depletion.

A

True

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8
Q

_____ reserves are limited and get depleted quickly.

A

Glycogen

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9
Q

Glycogen depletion is correlated with ______.

A

Fatigue

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10
Q

T/F: Glycogen depletion is related to total glycogen depletion.

A

True

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11
Q

Glycogen is depleted more quickly with ______ intensity.

A

High

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12
Q

Glycogen is depleted more quickly during first few _____ of exercise.

A

Minutes

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13
Q

T/F: Depletion of glycogen is different in various muscle groups.

A

True

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14
Q

Are activity specific muscles depleted the slowest or fastest?

A

Fastest

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15
Q

What metabolic by-product is derived from rapid breakdown of PCr, ATP?

A

Pi

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16
Q

Which metabolic by-product is retained by body, core temperature increases?

A

Heat

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17
Q

Which metabolic by-product is a product of anaerobic glycolysis?

A

Lactic acid

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18
Q

Which metabolic by-product causes muscle acidosis?

A

H+ accumulation

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19
Q

What is the chemical equitation for H+ accumulation?

A

H+ + lactic acid —> lactate + H+

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20
Q

T/F: Lactic acid accumulates during brief, low intensity exercise.

A

False; high intensity exercise

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21
Q

When lactic acid is not cleared immediately, it converts to ________.

A

Lactate + H+

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22
Q

What causes decrease in muscle pH (acidosis)?

A

H+ accumulation

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23
Q

What helps muscle pH but not enough?

A

Buffers

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24
Q

Buffers minimize drop in pH (____ to ____, not to ____).

A

7.1 to 6.5, not to 1.5

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25
Q

What survives the presence of buffers but don’t function well?

A

Cells

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26
Q

If pH <___, inhibits glycolytic enzymes, ATP synthesis.

A

6.9

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27
Q

If pH = ___ , prevents further glycogen breakdown

A

6.4

28
Q

____ alters metabolic rate.

A

Heat

29
Q

How does heat alter metabolic rate? (IIH)

A
  • Increase rate of carb utilization
  • Increase glycogen depletion
  • High muscle temperature may impair muscle function
30
Q

Time to fatigue changes with _________.

A

Ambient temperature

31
Q

Time to exhaustion is longest at ___ C*

A

11

32
Q

Time to exhaustion is shortest at ____ C*.

A

31

33
Q

T/F: Muscle precooling prolongs exercise

A

True

34
Q

If failure occurs at ________, it can prevent ______ activation.

A

Neuromuscular junction ; muscle

35
Q

What are the 4 possible causes of failure occurring at neuromuscular junction preventing muscle activation?

A
  1. Reduced ACh synthesis and release
  2. Altered ACh breakdown in synapse
  3. Increase in muscle fiber stimulus threshold
  4. Altered muscle resting membrane potential
36
Q

Fatigue may inhibit ____ release from SR.

A

Ca+2

37
Q

T/F: CNS undoubtedly plays role in fatigue but not fully understood yet.

A

True

38
Q

Fiber recruitment has _____ aspect.

A

Conscious

39
Q

Energy delivery/metabolism is related to depletion of what?

A

PCr & glycogen

40
Q

Metabolic by-product is related to which acid & element?

A

lactic acid & H+

41
Q

Regarding psychobiological aspects, conscious decision is used to terminate ____.

A

Activity

42
Q

In psychobiological aspects, there is an interaction between ______ and ______.

A

Perception of effort & motivation

43
Q

What is a psychobiological strategy to reduce fatigue?

A

Self-talk

44
Q

What are the 8 factors that influence fatigue during exercise? (IDFTADAH)

A
  1. Intensity
  2. Duration
  3. Fiber type of involved muscles
  4. Training status
  5. Age
  6. Diet
  7. Ambient temperate
  8. Humidity
45
Q

Which soreness is during and immediately after exercise?

A

Acute

46
Q

Which soreness is one to two days later?

A

Delayed-onset soreness

47
Q

Edema —> ________

A

Acute muscle swelling

48
Q

Acute muscle soreness disappears within several _____ after exercise.

A

Hours

49
Q

T/F: DOMS can range from stiffness to severe, restrictive pain.

A

True

50
Q

What is a major cause of DOMS?

A

Eccentric contractions

51
Q

What is an example of DOMS occurring via eccentric contractions?

A

Level run pain < downhill run pain

52
Q

Structural damage is indicated by _______ enzymes in blood.

A

Muscle

53
Q

_______ are anchoring points of contact for contractile proteins.

A

Sarcomere Z-disks

54
Q

Muscle damage precipitates _______.

A

Hypertrophy

55
Q

________ and soreness are connected.

A

Inflammation

56
Q

_____ blood cell count increases with soreness.

A

White

57
Q

Substances released initiate ________.

A

Inflammation

58
Q

_______ remove cell debris.

A

Macrophages

59
Q

T/F: High tension in muscle can lead to structural damage to muscle, cell membrane.

A

True

60
Q

What is the sequence of events in DOMS?

A
  1. High tension in muscle —> structural damage to muscle, cell membrane
  2. Membrane damage disturbs Ca+2 homeostasis in injured fiber
  3. After a few hours, circulating neutrophils increase
  4. Products of macrophage activity, intracellular contents accumulate
  5. Fluid and electrolytes shift into the area creating edema.
61
Q

___—> reduced muscle force generation

A

DOMS

62
Q

Loss of strength results from what 3 factors?

A
  • Physical disruption of muscle
  • Failure in excitation-contraction coupling (apparently most important)
  • Loss of contractile protein
63
Q

T/F: Must reduce DOMS for effective training

A

True

64
Q

What are 3 strategies to reduce DOMS?

A
  1. Minimize eccentric work early in training
  2. Start with low intensity and progress slowly
  3. Start with high-intensity, exhaustive training
65
Q

Factors associated with DOMS are potentially important or stimulating __________.

A

Muscle hypertrophy

66
Q

What is likely necessary to maximize training response?

A

DOMS

Exercise Physiology Lecture (11 decks)

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