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Yale Residency - "Other" Species and Clin Path/Mol Bio > Ferrets > Flashcards

Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

What’s unique about the adult ferret skull

A

Has no suture lines

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2
Q

Right adrenal placement

A

Adhered to wall of CVC

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3
Q

Ovulation of ferrets

A

Induced ovulators, seasonally polyestrous

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4
Q

How soon following copulation does ovulation occur?

A

30-40hours

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5
Q

how high in protein should ferret diet be?

A

30-40%

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6
Q

Why isn’t cat chow appropriate for cats?

A

It’s too high in starch/carb

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7
Q

Which vaccine can be fatal in ferrets?

A

Canine distemper

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8
Q

Canine distemper falls into which family of viruses?

A

Paramyxoviridae

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9
Q

Clinical course of distemper

A

catarrhal phase and a CNS phase

Catarrhal/viremic phase- 7-10 days post-infection: anorexia, pyrexia, photosensitivity, serous nasal d/c
Secondary viremia: generalized erythema, scaling, pruritic rash (starts from chin and spreads); severe mucopurulent oculonasal d/c and pneumonia are common +/- footpad hyperkeratosis
CNS: ataxia, tremors, paralysis
May or may not be preceded by catarrhal phase
Death in 12-16 days with ferret strains or up to 35 days with canine strains
100% mortality

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10
Q

Which human influenza virus is more pathogenic to ferrets - A or B?

A

A

Pathogenicity of B is low

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11
Q

Mortality of human influenza

A

low

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12
Q

Differences between distemper and flu

A

Dermatitis, footpad hyperkeratosis, central signs in distemper. Distemper has 100% mortality

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13
Q

C/S of Aleutian disease

A

Cachexia, melena, ataxia, paralysis, tremors, convulsions

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14
Q

Dx of Aleutian disease (gammaglobulins)

A

gammaglobulins elevated to >20% of TP

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15
Q

Which disease is caused by Ferret enteric coronavirus? (FECV)

A

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis

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16
Q

C/S of epizootic catarrhal enteritis

A

Acute: lethargy, decreased appetite, vomiting, green watery mucoid diarrhea and dehydration
Chronic: feces appear grainy (looks like bird seeds)
High morbidity, low mortality
Older animals more severely affected

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17
Q

Which disease is caused by ferret systemic coronavirus (FSCV)?

A

Ferret systemic cornaviral disease (similar to dry form of FIP)

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18
Q

C/S of FSCV

A

nonspecific
Diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, decreased appetite, weight loss
May present with CNS signs: paresis, ataxia, tremors, seizures, head tilt

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19
Q

Nx findings of FSCV

A

Nodules/plaques covering serosal surfaces, esp intestinal serosa and mesentery
Severe pyogranulomatous inflammation, often localized around vessels

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20
Q

c/s of Helicobacter mustelae

A

usually none. can see Gi ulcers, wt loss

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21
Q

C/S of lawsonia intracellularis

A

mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea (intermittent > 6 wks), anorexia, weight loss, ataxia, muscle tremors, rectal prolapse

22
Q

Which mite causes ulcerative lesions on the face?

A

Lynsacarus mustelae

23
Q

Heartworm disease in ferrets

A

Susceptibility similar to dogs, clinical disease similar to that of cats

24
Q

Blastomyces in ferrets

A

Cutaneous and systemic forms (systemic usually affects the lungs)

25
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans in ferrets

A

Immunosuppresion may play a role; indoor-housed ferrets at low risk
meningoencephalitis, posterior paralysis, listlessness, acute death
white nodules on intestinal serosa, diffuse lymphocytic meningeal infiltrate

26
Q

Histoplasma in ferrets

A

abdominal pain, splenomegaly, subnormal temperature, subcutaneous nodules

27
Q

Pneumocystic carinii in ferrets

A

Pneumonia in immunosuppressed ferrets

28
Q

Vitamin E deficiency c/s

A

Steatitis, yellow fat disease

29
Q

C/S of arginine deficiency

A

Young ferrets only, adults not affected. Hyperammonemia and encephalopathy after single deficient feeding

30
Q

Zinc toxicity cause

A

Accidental contamination or experimental (galvanized steel caging)

31
Q

c/s of zinc toxicity

A

nephrotoxicity and anemia

large pale kidneys with collapsed glomeruli, dilated tubules and interstitial fibrosis

32
Q

Pregnancy toxemia is seem primarily in which animals?

A

Primiparous jills with large litters

33
Q

Pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia

A

Decreased nutrition in late pregnancy results in negative energy balance; hyperlipidemia, hypoglycemia, ketosis, and hepatic lipidosis
Decreased intake/appetite or not enough room in abdomen for kits and full stomach

34
Q

What happens if female ferrets aren’t bred?

A

Remain in persistent estrus - hyperestrogenism

35
Q

Insulinoma is a tumor of which cells?

A

Functional tumor of B cells - not responsive to inhibitory stimuli

36
Q

c/s of insulinoma

A

weakness, lethargy, decreased appetite, increased sleeping, ataxia, intermittent posterior paresis, and occasional disorientation
Can present in hypoglycemic crisis or with severe signs (ptyalism, “star gazing”, pawing at the mouth, “vomiting”, collapse, and seizures…though seizures aren’t as common in ferrets as dogs with insulinomas)

37
Q

BG in ferrets with insulinoma

A

<60-70

38
Q

Histo findings for insulinoma

A

Adenoma or adenocarcinoma

39
Q

How do glucocorticoids treat insulinoma?

A

increase gluconeogenesis, decrease glucose uptake by peripheral tissues and inhibit insulin binding to receptor

40
Q

How does diazoxide treat insulinoma?

A

inhibits pancreatic insulin secretion by decreasing the intracellular release of iCa  prevents release of insulin from granules

41
Q

Adrenal neoplasia is tumor of which layer?

A

Regicular layer

42
Q

Which adrenal is more affected?

A

L

43
Q

Adrenal tumor is more common in which subset of ferrets?

A

Sterilized ferrets

44
Q

C/S of Adrenal tumor

A

weight loss, bilateral alopecia and vulvar enlargement in females; males may have urinary blockage

45
Q

Medical treatment of adrenal tumor (4)

A

Leuprolide - desensitizes GnRH receptors at the pituitary to downregulate FSH and LH release

Deslorelin implants – stimulates LH and FSH secretion that desentitizes the pituitary by downregulating GnRH receptors, which stops the release of gonadotropins

Melatonin implant- directly inhibits GnRH release and therefore suppresses LH and FSH production
SQ implant lasts 3 months

U/S guided alcohol injection into diseased gland causing gland to shrink

46
Q

Most common musculoskeletal tumor of ferrets

A

Chordoma

47
Q

Disseminated idiopathic myofasciitis signalment

A

Young ferrets <18 months

48
Q

C/S of DIM

A

rapid onset of fever, lethargy, paresis and dehydration are most consistent signs
inflammation of muscle

49
Q

Gross lesions of DIM

A

red and white mottling of the esophagus; white streaks in the diaphragm, lumbar, and leg muscles; and marked atrophy of diaphragm and skeletal muscle in advanced cases; lympho- splenomegaly

50
Q

Histo lesions of DIM

A

suppurative pyogranulomatous inflammation in skeletal muscle and fascia; myeloid hyperplasia

Yale Residency - "Other" Species and Clin Path/Mol Bio (20 decks)

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