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Yale Residency - "Other" Species and Clin Path/Mol Bio > Birds II > Flashcards

Birds II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of galliformes

A

characterized by small to large bodies w/ blunt wings; arboreal or terrestrial animals; most do not fly, but walk and run instead for transportation

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2
Q

Characteristics of columbiformes

A

characterized by monogamous mating and the ability to drink by sucking up water; comprised of only 2 families

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3
Q

Characteristics of passeriformes

A

this Order includes more than half of all bird species. Also known as “perching birds” their anisodactyl feet are adapted for this function. Most passiforms are smaller than other bird species

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4
Q

Characteristics of estrildids

A

Build domed nests

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5
Q

AWA policy on bird use

A

Any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warm blooded animal, which is being used or is intended for use for research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet except birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus bred for use in research.

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6
Q

PHS policy on bird use

A

Any live, vertebrate animal (cold- or warm-blooded) used or intended for use in research, training, or testing. Avian species are covered only after hatching.

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7
Q

How many generations per year can Japanese quail produce?

A

3-4

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8
Q

How to tell female from male J quail?

A

Male is readily identified at ~3 wks of age
by the cinnamon-colored feathers
on upper throat and lower breast
Males also have a cloacal gland, a bulbous structure
located at the upper edge of the vent
Female is similar to male in coloration
except feathers on throat and upper breast
are long, pointed, and much lighter cinnamon;
the tan breast feathers are black-stippled

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9
Q

When do female quail start laying?

A

35 days

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10
Q

J quail nesting habits

A

Nest on the ground

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11
Q

Why is low/padded caging recommended for J quail?

A

Males can jump 3-4 ft in the air

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12
Q

Most common cause of mortality among male J quail

A

Fighting - males are v aggressive among each other

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13
Q

Primary cause of mortality among female J quail

A

Repro issues secondary to prolapse of shell gland - most common in hens during first lay

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14
Q

How to prevent prolapse of shell gland

A

Delay onset of egg laying with shorter photoperiod.

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15
Q

Which hormone was first discovered in quail?

A

Gonadotropin

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16
Q

J quail uses in research

A

Osteoporosis, endocrine and neural studies, effects of chemicals on development

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17
Q

Gestation period of quail

A

14-19 days

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18
Q

Etiological agent of quail disease (ulcerative enteritis)

A

Clostridium colinum

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19
Q

Findings of quail disease

A

Deep ulceration of LI, necrosis of liver

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20
Q

Findings of erysipelas in quail

A

Hemorrhage of organ serosa, muscle, heart, friable/purple spleen

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21
Q

Etiological agent of quail mycoplasmosis

A

Mycoplasma gallinae

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22
Q

C/S of mycoplasma in quail

A

Respiratory signs

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23
Q

Causative agent of avian encephalomyelitis (epidemic tremors)

A

Picornavirus

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24
Q

C/S of avian encephalomyelitis

A

7-10 day old chicks most affected, hock sitting, ataxia, tremors, paralysis, prostration

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25
Q

Quail bronchitis virus c/s

A

Acute, highly contagious, resp and neuro signs

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26
Q

QBV histo findings

A

Basophilic intranuclear inclusions

27
Q

Marek’s disease etiology

A

Alphaherpesvirus

28
Q

Marek’s c/s

A

Classic Marek’s (neurolymphomatosis): Asymmetric paralysis of one or more limbs, difficulty breathing. Lesions in nerves, lymphomatous infiltration, tumors in skin, muscle, visc organs.
Acute Marek’s: Depression, paralysis, death

29
Q

Target organs for Marek’s in quail

A

Spleen, proventriculus, liver, duodenum

30
Q

Cecum of quail

A

No paired ceca

31
Q

What are baby quail fed during days 3-10 of life?

A

Crop milk

32
Q

Most commonly used pigeon breed

A

White Carneaux

33
Q

Palmetto white carneaux features

A

Arteriosclerosis forms in the absence of dietary cholesterol - plaques similar to those in man

34
Q

How to sex female from male pigeons

A

Males emit double coo. Female single coo

35
Q

How do pigeons drink water?

A

Suck

36
Q

Etiology of avian pneumoencephalitis

A

Paramyxovirus

37
Q

Two types of avian pneumoencephalitis

A

CNS and resp form

38
Q

C/S of a. pneumoencephalitis

A

CNS: ataxia, tremors, torticollis, paralysis
Resp: Dyspnea

39
Q

Etiology of fowl plague/avian influenza

A

Paramyxovirus

40
Q

Aspergillosis findings

A

blue/green velvety plaques in peritoneum

41
Q

Mycoplasmosis (coryza) in pigeons

A

Nasal discharge, wheezing

42
Q

Pigeonpox is what kind of virus

A

Avipoxvirus

43
Q

Two types of pigeonpox

A

Dry vs wet (diphtheritic)

44
Q

Which areas most affected in dry form of pigeonpox

A

Unfeathered areas

45
Q

c/s of wet pigeonpox

A

Oral cavity and throat affected - white, elevated lesions coalescing to form yellow plaques

46
Q

Pigeon herpes virus etiological agent

A

columbid herpesvirus 1

47
Q

c/s pigeon herpesvirus

A

multisystemic, conjunctivitis

48
Q

TB etiology

A

Mycobacterium avium

49
Q

c/s of TB

A

Chronic disease, chronic wt loss, anorexia. Visc lesions in organs

50
Q

Psittacosis etiology

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

51
Q

c/s of psittacosis

A

resp signs, diarrhea, conjunctivitis

52
Q

pathological findings of psittacosis

A

organomegaly, fibrinous pericarditis

53
Q

Dx of psittacosis

A

Swabs of air sacs

54
Q

Etiological agent of capillariasis in pigeons

A

Capillaria obsignata

55
Q

Etiology of coccidiosis in pigeons

A

Eimeria columbarum or labbeana

56
Q

Trichomoniasis etiology in pigeons

A

Trichomonas gallinae or columbae

57
Q

Trichomonas c/s

A

Cankers of mouth

58
Q

Ectoparasites of pigeons

A

Knemidokoptes gallinae or laevis (depluming mites)

59
Q

Vitamin A deficiency is seen when?

A

Young birds on carotene-deficient diet

60
Q

Anisodactyly is seen in which birds

A

Finches

61
Q

Zfinch use

A

Songbird vocal learning

62
Q

Where to collect blood from birds

A

Jugular vein (right one is larger)
Median metatarsal vein
Wing/cutaneous ulnar vein

63
Q

Why shouldn’t you inject into thigh muscles

A

Renoportal system will cause substances to be rapidly eliminated by kidneys

64
Q

Propofol effects in pigeons

A

marked resp depression, short acting

Yale Residency - "Other" Species and Clin Path/Mol Bio (20 decks)

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