Birds II Flashcards
Characteristics of galliformes
characterized by small to large bodies w/ blunt wings; arboreal or terrestrial animals; most do not fly, but walk and run instead for transportation
Characteristics of columbiformes
characterized by monogamous mating and the ability to drink by sucking up water; comprised of only 2 families
Characteristics of passeriformes
this Order includes more than half of all bird species. Also known as “perching birds” their anisodactyl feet are adapted for this function. Most passiforms are smaller than other bird species
Characteristics of estrildids
Build domed nests
AWA policy on bird use
Any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warm blooded animal, which is being used or is intended for use for research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet except birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus bred for use in research.
PHS policy on bird use
Any live, vertebrate animal (cold- or warm-blooded) used or intended for use in research, training, or testing. Avian species are covered only after hatching.
How many generations per year can Japanese quail produce?
3-4
How to tell female from male J quail?
Male is readily identified at ~3 wks of age
by the cinnamon-colored feathers
on upper throat and lower breast
Males also have a cloacal gland, a bulbous structure
located at the upper edge of the vent
Female is similar to male in coloration
except feathers on throat and upper breast
are long, pointed, and much lighter cinnamon;
the tan breast feathers are black-stippled
When do female quail start laying?
35 days
J quail nesting habits
Nest on the ground
Why is low/padded caging recommended for J quail?
Males can jump 3-4 ft in the air
Most common cause of mortality among male J quail
Fighting - males are v aggressive among each other
Primary cause of mortality among female J quail
Repro issues secondary to prolapse of shell gland - most common in hens during first lay
How to prevent prolapse of shell gland
Delay onset of egg laying with shorter photoperiod.
Which hormone was first discovered in quail?
Gonadotropin
J quail uses in research
Osteoporosis, endocrine and neural studies, effects of chemicals on development
Gestation period of quail
14-19 days
Etiological agent of quail disease (ulcerative enteritis)
Clostridium colinum
Findings of quail disease
Deep ulceration of LI, necrosis of liver
Findings of erysipelas in quail
Hemorrhage of organ serosa, muscle, heart, friable/purple spleen
Etiological agent of quail mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma gallinae
C/S of mycoplasma in quail
Respiratory signs
Causative agent of avian encephalomyelitis (epidemic tremors)
Picornavirus
C/S of avian encephalomyelitis
7-10 day old chicks most affected, hock sitting, ataxia, tremors, paralysis, prostration
Quail bronchitis virus c/s
Acute, highly contagious, resp and neuro signs
QBV histo findings
Basophilic intranuclear inclusions
Marek’s disease etiology
Alphaherpesvirus
Marek’s c/s
Classic Marek’s (neurolymphomatosis): Asymmetric paralysis of one or more limbs, difficulty breathing. Lesions in nerves, lymphomatous infiltration, tumors in skin, muscle, visc organs.
Acute Marek’s: Depression, paralysis, death
Target organs for Marek’s in quail
Spleen, proventriculus, liver, duodenum
Cecum of quail
No paired ceca
What are baby quail fed during days 3-10 of life?
Crop milk
Most commonly used pigeon breed
White Carneaux
Palmetto white carneaux features
Arteriosclerosis forms in the absence of dietary cholesterol - plaques similar to those in man
How to sex female from male pigeons
Males emit double coo. Female single coo
How do pigeons drink water?
Suck
Etiology of avian pneumoencephalitis
Paramyxovirus
Two types of avian pneumoencephalitis
CNS and resp form
C/S of a. pneumoencephalitis
CNS: ataxia, tremors, torticollis, paralysis
Resp: Dyspnea
Etiology of fowl plague/avian influenza
Paramyxovirus
Aspergillosis findings
blue/green velvety plaques in peritoneum
Mycoplasmosis (coryza) in pigeons
Nasal discharge, wheezing
Pigeonpox is what kind of virus
Avipoxvirus
Two types of pigeonpox
Dry vs wet (diphtheritic)
Which areas most affected in dry form of pigeonpox
Unfeathered areas
c/s of wet pigeonpox
Oral cavity and throat affected - white, elevated lesions coalescing to form yellow plaques
Pigeon herpes virus etiological agent
columbid herpesvirus 1
c/s pigeon herpesvirus
multisystemic, conjunctivitis
TB etiology
Mycobacterium avium
c/s of TB
Chronic disease, chronic wt loss, anorexia. Visc lesions in organs
Psittacosis etiology
Chlamydophila psittaci
c/s of psittacosis
resp signs, diarrhea, conjunctivitis
pathological findings of psittacosis
organomegaly, fibrinous pericarditis
Dx of psittacosis
Swabs of air sacs
Etiological agent of capillariasis in pigeons
Capillaria obsignata
Etiology of coccidiosis in pigeons
Eimeria columbarum or labbeana
Trichomoniasis etiology in pigeons
Trichomonas gallinae or columbae
Trichomonas c/s
Cankers of mouth
Ectoparasites of pigeons
Knemidokoptes gallinae or laevis (depluming mites)
Vitamin A deficiency is seen when?
Young birds on carotene-deficient diet
Anisodactyly is seen in which birds
Finches
Zfinch use
Songbird vocal learning
Where to collect blood from birds
Jugular vein (right one is larger)
Median metatarsal vein
Wing/cutaneous ulnar vein
Why shouldn’t you inject into thigh muscles
Renoportal system will cause substances to be rapidly eliminated by kidneys
Propofol effects in pigeons
marked resp depression, short acting
