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Yale Residency - "Other" Species and Clin Path/Mol Bio > Amphibian diseases > Flashcards

Amphibian diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of “red leg”

A

Parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics with ocncurrent antifungals

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2
Q

Gross pathology seen with Aeromonas infection

A 
widespread congestion and hemorrhage 
petechial & ecchymotic hemorrhage of skin, 
          GIT and skeletal muscles 
	 SQ edema & coelomic effusion 
GIT distension and congestion 
hepatic congestion and mottling 
splenomegaly
dorsal lymph sacs filled with turbid serous effusion
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3
Q

Chryseobacterium spp

A

Meningosepticum, oderans, indologenes

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4
Q

Salmonellosis in amphibians

A

Amphibians carry salmonella, rarely affected clinically

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5
Q

General prevention and tx of gram - diseases

A

Maintain optimal husbandry conditions
Cull diseased animals
Disinfectants: Chlorination, CuSO4, KMNO4, sea salt
Refrigeration (4-5 deg C for 14 days in axolotls)

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6
Q

What abx to use with gram- dz

A

chloramphenical, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, metro, oxytet, sulfadiazene

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7
Q

Chlamydia spp

A

gram-, obligate INTRACELLULAR coccoid orgs

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8
Q

Most common Chlamydia spp in anurans

A

C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae

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9
Q

Histopathology of Chlamydia spp

A 
Pyogranulomatous hepatitis, diffuse hepatic necrosis
Fibrinopurulent glomerulonephritis
Pyogranulomatous interstitial pneumonia
Fibrinopurulent vegetative endocarditis
Pyogranulomatous myocarditis
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10
Q

3 forms of mycobacteriosis

A

Cutaneous
Respiratory
Visceral (most common)

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11
Q

C/S of M. marinum

A

Abscesses of the feet, cellulitis in the legs and skin, destruction of tibiotarsal jt, toes, base of skull

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12
Q

C/S of M. chelonae

A

Chronic wt loss, nonhealing skin ulcerations

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13
Q

Which mycobacterial sp is characterized by cutaneous and visceral miliary granulomas?

A

M. liflandii

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14
Q

Margainins

A

Defensin protein against gram+ and gram- bacteria, yeasts, protozoa - causes permeability changes

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15
Q

Bombinin is from which sp?

A

Bombina variegata (fire bellied toad)

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16
Q

Dermaseptin is from which sp? What does it do?

A

Phyllomedusa sauvagii (waxy monkey leaf frog) - antifungal

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17
Q

PGLA - species, function

A

X. laevis - cell permeability

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18
Q

Brevinin-1 and -2

A

Rana porsa brevipoda - antibacterial against gram+ and gram- organisms

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19
Q

Esculentin

A

Rana esculenta - more gram+ activity

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20
Q

Etiological agent of Lucke Renal Adenocarcinoma

A

Ranid herpesvirus 1

21
Q

Lucke Renal Adenocarcinoma is the major cause of death in which spp of frog?

A

Lithobates pipiens

22
Q

C/S of Lucke Renal adenocarcinoma

A

Slow growing renal tumors

Abdominal distension, bloating, ascites, lethargy, death

23
Q

Most common met of LRA

24
Q

When do LRA tumors form?

A

Warm months, viral production occurs in fall after tumor has reached maximal size

25
Q

Calid form of LRA

A

Summer form - viral replication doesn’t occur, you can’t see inclusions

26
Q

Algid form of LRA

A

winter form - inclusion bodies and virions produced, virus is shed

27
Q

Ranavirus family

A

Iridoviridae

28
Q

Two types of Ranaviruses

A

Tadpole edema virus (TEV)

Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV)

29
Q

Tadpole edema virus c/s

A

Fatal disease in wild bullfrog
Mortality decreases with age; adults immune
Lethargy, petechial hemorrhage on rear legs and ventral surface, edema
Focal hemorrhage in muscle, stomach, lungs

30
Q

c/S of ATV

A

Systemic hemorrhaging, edema, ulceration, necrosis of integument, liver, gut
skin ulceration may be only finding

31
Q

Which animals are susceptible to ATV infections?

A

Axolotls and salamanders

32
Q

Main Saprolegna sp

A

S. parasitica

33
Q

Which spp primarily affected by Saprolegna

A

Urodeles - mud puppies, salamanders, newts, frogs

34
Q

C/S of Saprolegna

A

Deep ulcerations of skin, milky white appearance

Fluffy, cottony material

35
Q

Tx of Saprolegna

A

Baths in K+ permanaganate, CuSO4, or benzalkonium chloride

36
Q

Chronomycosis c/s

A

Granulomatous nodules in skin, skin ulcerations, granulomas in kidneys, liver, spleen, heart, etc

37
Q

Etiology of Chytridiomycosis

A

Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis

38
Q

Reproductive cells of B. dendrobatidis

A

Zoospores (this organism doesn’t produce hyphae)

Flagellated zoosphores require aqueous film to disperse and infect cells

39
Q

C/S of B. dendrobatidis

A

Loss of slime layer, dysecdysis, hyperpigmentation, hyper buoyancy, death

40
Q

Dx of B. dendrobatidis

A

Flask-shaped zoosporangia within STRATUM CORNEUM

41
Q

Tx of B. dendrobatidis

A

Malachite green

Itraconazole

42
Q

X. laevis nematode

A

Pseudocapillaroides xenopi

43
Q

c/s of P. xenopi

A

Hemorrhagic tracts in skin with multifocal erosions

44
Q

Tx of P. xenopi

A

Thiabendazole, Ivermectin

45
Q

Lungworm nematode

46
Q

Acanthocephalans

A

THorny-headed worms - common GI parasite - can cause peritonitis

47
Q

Which worms are associated with limb deformities?

A

Trematodes (Ribeiroia spp)

48
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum causes significant c/s in amphibians: T/F?

49
Q

What neoplasias are amphibians susceptible to?

Yale Residency - "Other" Species and Clin Path/Mol Bio (20 decks)

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