feminism Flashcards
what are the 4 feminist explainations for social class inequality
feminism
- women reproduce the next generation of women and socialise them- feeley
- working class womens domestic work is unpaid and this keeps working class men at work- benston
- women soothe the stresses and frustrations of the proletariat- Ansley
- working class womens roles also support the capitalist infrastructure when needed- Bruegel
who supports the explaination “women reproduce the next generation of women and socialise them” + their ideas
class
FEELEY
* women are socialised into accepting their subordinate position
* the family is ‘designed to teach passivity not rebellion’
* children are trained to be obedient and docile workers
* ideology of family in capitalist society supports patriarchy
who supports the explaination “working class womens domestic work is unpaid and this keeps working class men exploited at work” + their ideas
class
BENSTON
* the source of inequality is a combo of both patriarchy and capitalism
* a man HAS to provide for his family so is less likely to challence capitalism
* unpaid domestic labour of women helps support capitalist systm- bc there would be huge distributions of wealth
* criticises the nuclear family
who supports the explainiation“women soothe the stresses and frustrations of the proltariet”+ their ideas
class
ANSLEY
* states that husbands return home from work after being exploited and take out their frustrations on their wives, not bosses
* women are the ‘takers of shit’
* aids the false class consciousness and discourage a revolution
who supports the explaination “working class womens roles also support the capitalist infrastructure when needed” + their ideas
class
BRUEGEL
* women act as a cheap disposable part of the workforce
* used in economic booms and disposed of to be housewives when not required
* highlights how family is central to womens oppression
* reserve army of labour
* prepared to work for less money, secondary income
what are the 4 feminist explainations for age inequality
- women face double standards (itzin)
- gender differences within the structure of the family leads to inequalities for women as they age (brannen)
- older women become excluded from media representations as they age (sontag)
- women and children suffer similar inequalities due to mutual dependency (oakley)
who supports the feminist idea that ‘women face double standards’ + their ideas
age
ITZIN
* mens status is directly related to employment, whereas a womens status is linked to their reproductive cycle- meaning that in a patriarchal society, a womens status is devalued after the childbearing stage.
* older women face pressures e.g. cosmetisisation- ageing men dont face the same pressures.
who supports the femninst idea that ‘gender differences within the structure of the family leads to inequalities for women as they age’ + their ideas
age
BRANNEN
who supports the feminist idea that ‘women and children suffer similar inequalities due to the mutual dependency’ + their ideas
age
OAKLEY
* women and children have mutual dependency and interdependence
* women are often responsible for caring for children, this restricts them
* children are disadvantaged (adults speak dor them, childhood issues ignored in sociology, ‘adult centred’)
who supports the feminist idea that “older women become excluded from media representations as they age” + their ideas
feminism
SONTAG
* suggests that there is a double standard of ageingand women are required to stay youthful
* western culture places great value on youth and beauty
* ageing for women is seen as a decline, but for men its seen as gaining wisdom
* older women are unsexy and irrelevent
what are the 5 feminist explainations for gender inequality + the sociologist
- sexual harrassment in the workplace is the cause of gender inequality (ADKINS)
- violence that is a result of patriarchal traditions of mens right to control ‘their’ women (johnston & the world health organisation)
- socialisation into gender roles creates gender inequality (oakley)
- discrimination prevents women from having equal opportunities (mcrobbie)
- not all women share ther same experience of inequality- shifted from private to public (walby)
who supports the explaination ‘sexual harrassment in the workplace is the cause of gender inequality’ + thier ideas
gender
ADKINS
* the labour market had a gendered character- jobs for men and women
* did research in pubs, bars and theme parks
* vertical segregation
* companies gain cheap labour from women as ‘sexual attractions’
* horizontal segregation
* reproduces patriarchal relationships
who supports the explaination ‘violence that is a result of patriarchal traditions of mens right to control ‘their’ women’ + their ideas
gender
JOHNSTON
* * patriarchal terrism- explain systematic use of violence as a result of patriarchal traditions and rights to control women
* men use patrarchal ideology to enforce compulsary hetrosexuality as a way to maintain control
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
* 2013- evidence of women reporting physical/sexual abuse from a partner=30% globally
who supports the explaination ‘socialisation into gender roles creates gender inequality’ + their ideas
gender
OAKLEY
* 4 process of socialisation that deomonstrate patriarchy and socialisation leads to gender inequality
1. different activities- daughters have different cultural expectations of roles
2. canilisation- directing childs interest in gendered toys
3. manipulation- engouraging gender apropriate play
4. verbal appelations
who supports the idea that ‘discrimination prevents women from having equal opportunities’ + their ideas
gender
MCROBBIE
* womens postiion in society was structurally different from a mans
* cult of femininity
* bedroom culture
who supports the idea that ‘not all women share ther same experience of inequality- shifted from private to public’ + their ideas
gender
WALBY
triple systems of opression- other forms of inequality impacting
what are the 4 feminist explainations for ethnic inequality + sociologist
- black women face multiple forms of disadvantage (abott et al)
- class, race and gender combine to create multiple sources of inequality (brewer and TUC inequality briefing)
- black women are portrayed and percieved as passive victims (mirza)
- colonialism has caused gender inequality (conell)
who supports the explaination that ‘black women face multiple forms of disadvantage’ + their ideas
ethnic
ABBOTT ET AL
* black females are doubly disadvantaged
* they criticise feminism for being ethnocentric
* white feminists allowed to speak on behalf of black women but not other
* position of black minorities remains unchallenged
* critical of lack of centrality given to minorities in theory and research
* soc dominated by white middle class males- lack become underrepresented
who supports the explaination that ‘class, race and gender combine to create multiple sources of inequality’ + their ideas
ethnic
BREWER
* argues that race, class, gender combine to create multiple sources of deprivation & inequality
* suffer deprivation bc they are black, women and working class
* patriarchy, capitalism, racism (triple systems theory)
TUC EQUALITY BRIEFING
* almost 1/3 of black women report being unfairly passed over or denied a promotion at work
* 50% black women quit jobs bc of ethnic inequaluty
who supports the explaination that ‘black women are portrayed and percieved as passive victims’ + their ideas
ethnic
MIRZA
* theres not a need for a distinctive black feminists
* groups can make an important contribution to the development of feminist theory- change the disorted assumptions of dominant groups by drowning thir own experiences
who supports the explaination that ‘colonialism has caused gender inequality’ + their ideas
ethnic
CONELL
* colonialism played a major role in stoping gender inequalities
* argues that understanding colonial roots are essential for developing feminist thoeries levelled experiences of women have been shaped by this legacy
* systems that marginalised women- left impact on percieved gender
