Female Reproductive System Flashcards by Abby Thelen

Female Reproductive System Functions

-produce offspring
-sex hormones
-reproductive cells
-sperm containing semen
-pregnancy-promoting hormones
-house & nourish offspring
-move offspring out

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ovary shapes based on specie

-cattle: almond shape
-horse: kidney bean shape
-pig: cluster of grapes

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location of ovary

near kidneys in ovarian bursa

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ovary functions

-produce repro cells (eggs)
-produce hormones (estrogen & progesterone)

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what hormones make the ovary go through cyclical changes

FSH & LH from pituitary gland

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infundibulum shape

funnel shaped at the end of oviduct closest to ovary

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infundibulum function

catches egg when ovulation occurs

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how do eggs move into the oviduct

infundibulum is lined with cilia which move back and forth

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fimbriae

fingerlike projections on the edge of infundibulum where follicles are located

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oviduct (fallopian tube) location

extend from infundibulum to tips of uterine horn located in ovarian bursa with ovary

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oviduct function

move egg from ovary to uterus & sperm to ovary

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how does the sperm and egg move

smoot muscle fibers in the walls of the oviduct & cilia

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oviduct is the location of…

site of fertilization

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uterus

hollow muscular organ that houses offspring during pregnancy

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what is the uterus composed of

2 uterine horns and uterine body

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how does the offspring move out of the oviduct

smooth muscles in wall of uterus

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cervix location

between uterus and vagina

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cervix types based on species

-ruminants: series of rings
-sows: ridges
-horses: no rings or ridges, smooth

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the cervix is often closed to prevent

foreign material getting in

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the cervix opens during breeding and parturition to allow

sperm to enter and offspring to exit

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vagina is located

between cervix and vulva

the vagina is able to stretch during

parturition

the vagina is lined with

mucus glands to lubricate

vagina functions

-receive penis during breeding
-birth canal for offspring

the vulva is the only part of the female reproductive tract that is

visible from the outside

vestibule is located

just inside urethal opening

how does urine leave the female body

through uretha through opening and through body

ovary functions

-produce eggs -produce estrogen and progesterone

what hormones make ovaries go through cyclical changes

-stimulation of FSH and LH from pituitary gland

what are primary oocytes?

immature eggs

when do primary oocytes develop into mature eggs?

as follicle develops

when are mature eggs released?

during ovulation

estrous vs estrus

estrous - entire cycle estrus - time of heat

estrous cycle lengths

cow, sow, mare - 21 days ewe - 17 days

estrus in a cow (puberty, first service, estrous, estrus, gestation)

puberty: 1-2 years age at first service: 1-2 years estrous cycle: - 21 days estrus: 18 hours gestation: 282 days

luteolysis

destruction of CL

step 1 - start of ovulation

-follicle ruptures and releases egg -egg is caught by infundibulum -moved to oviduct (site of fert.)

E2 is

estrogen

what does a follicle look like

a blister, bump sticking up

dominant follicle

step 2 - CL

-CL forms on ovary where follicle was -CL produces progesterone day 2-16

-yellow/orange -produces progesterone

step 3

-if preg. CL remains and keeps producing P4 to maintain -embryo signals body to let it know it's there -no further cycles or heat if preg.

step 4

if not preg. CL and P4 must be gone to recycle

step 5

-if not preg. prostaglandin produced by uterus travels to CL & begins to destroy it (luteolysis) -pituitary and ovary become active again

step 6

-CL destroyed and P4 decreasing, new follicle starts growing -growing follicle produces E2 -E2 travels to hypothalamus (brain)

step 7

-E2 causes GnRH from hypothalamus -GnRH causes release of FSH from pituitary

step 8 - positive feedback

-FSH goes back to follicle to grow and produce more E2 -E2 travels back to brain causing more GnRH and FSH to release -follicle continues growth and produce E2

step 9

- day 20 E2 peaks and animal shows signs of heat -LH surge from pituitary travels to follicle causing ovulation

step 10

cycle repeats back to step 1