Bone Development & Fractures

Question 1

diaphysis

Answer 1

shaft or central part of bone

Question 2

epiphysis

Answer 2

ends of bone

Question 3

metaphysis

Answer 3

between shaft and ends

Question 4

articular surface

Answer 4

area where bone meets adjacent bone, covered with cartilage

Question 5

medullary cavity

Answer 5

hollow area inside diaphysis, location of bone marrow

Question 6

endosteum

Answer 6

tissue lining medullary cavity

Question 7

periosteum

Answer 7

tissue covering bone

Question 8

osteoblasts

Answer 8

build more bone, deposition of bone (build)

Question 9

osteoclasts

Answer 9

destroy bone, resorption of bone (clean)

Question 10

ossification

Answer 10

formation of true bone, 2 bones

Question 11

intramembranous ossification

Answer 11

bone develops from fibrous tissue membranes (flat bones and skulls)

Question 12

endochondral ossification

Answer 12

bone grows into and replaces a cartilage model

Question 13

where does lengthening occur?

Answer 13

at the growth plate

Question 14

how does diameter of a bone increase?

Answer 14

due to bone forming layer in periosteum while osteoclasts destroys bone in the medullary cavity so it gets larger

Question 15

3 main factors that influence growth in an animals

Answer 15

genetics, nutrition, environment

Question 16

signs of a fracture in a limb bone

Answer 16

lameness, pain, swelling, warmth, abnormal movement at site of fracture

Question 17

how to diagnose a fracture

Answer 17

physical exam - bearing weight
palpation of limb
x-rays

Question 18

types of fractures

Answer 18

closed, open, transverse, spiral, comminuted, impacted, green stick, oblique

Question 19

fracture treatment considerations

Answer 19

success rate and cost of treatment, age, value, and temperament of animal, location and type of fracture,

Question 20

cells needed for fracture healing

Answer 20

osteoblast, osteoblast, chondroblasts, fibroblasts

Question 21

chondroblasts

Answer 21

build cartilage

Question 22

fibroblasts

Answer 22

produce fibers made of collagen

Question 23

fracture healing steps

Answer 23

-bleeding and clot formation
-white blood cells clean up dead cells, osteoclasts get rid of bone fragments
-callus formation by chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts. callus holds ends of bones together
-bone remodeling (resorption) by osteoclasts

Question 24

initial fracture treatment

Answer 24

-confine until vet arrived
-immobilize bone and joints above and below affected bone (possibly use a splint)

Question 25

fracture repair

Answer 25

-splint or cast
-bone plates, pins, wires, etc.
-ends of bones must be moved into close proximity to allow bone healing