Cardiovascular System Flashcards
function of cardiovascular system
movement of blood in the body
what does blood carry (6)
oxygen, nutrients, hormones, immune cells, heat, and waste products
3 parts of cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels, blood
blood vessels (3)
arteries, veins, capillaries
arteries
carry blood AWAY from the heart
veins
carry blood TOWARDS the heart
function of capillaries
vessels that are transition between arteries and veins
3 Layers of Blood Vessel Anatomy
endothelium, smooth muscle layer, and connective tissue
blood vessel endothelium
-simple squamous epithelium
-smooth surface, blood flows w/o friction
-veins have valves to prevent backflow
blood vessel smooth muscle layer
-allows change in diameter of vessels
-elastic fibers that allow vessels to stretch
-thicker in arteries and veins
blood vessel connective tissue
-prevents vessel walls from tearing
-keeps vessels in place
capillaries
-smallest vessels
-only 1 thick endothelial cell
-exchanges gases and nutritents
How many heart chambers does a mammal have?
4 chambers
what do the 2 atria do
-receive blood INTO heart
-pump blood into ventricles
what do the 2 ventricles do
pump blood OUT of heart
where are heart valves located?
-atria & ventricles
-ventricles & arteries
heart valve function
prevent backflow
what are the 2 types of circulation
pulmonary and systemic
pulmonary (lung) circulation
-right side of heart
-receives DEOXYGENATED blood
-pumps to lungs to become oxygenated
systemic (body) circulation
-left side of heart
-receives OXYGENATED blood from lungs
-pumps to the rest of the body
impulse generation for heartbeats (3)
-SA Node “pacemaker”
-AC Node
-Bundle branches
SA Node
-specialized cells in right atrium
-spontaneously produce electrical impulse
-impulse to heart and contractions begin
AV Node
-conducts impulses from atria to ventricles
Bundle Branches
conduct impulses throughout ventricles
Pulse Points
-Cattle: under jaw and tail
-Pig: under tail
-Horse: under jaw, digital below fetlock
-Sheep, goat, piglet: inside upper thigh over femoral artery
