Endocrine System & Blood

Question 1

what do endocrine glands release

Answer 1

releases hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

what are hormones?

Answer 2

-chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
-act on target cells in other parts of the

Question 3

3 functions of endocrine system

Answer 3

-control & regulate
-metabolism
-homeostasis

Question 4

what does the endocrine system control and regulate?

Answer 4

registers body functions by secreting hormones

Question 5

what is homeostasis?

Answer 5

helps maintain normal body structure, function, and health

Question 6

where is the hypothalamus location

Answer 6

diencephalon of brain

Question 7

3 functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 7

-body temp regulation
-appetite control
-sleep-wake cycles

Question 8

what connects the cerebral cortex and the endocrine system?

Answer 8

the hypothalamus

Question 9

what does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 9

activities of the pituitary gland!!

Question 10

anterior pituitary

Answer 10

front part of the pituitary gland

Question 11

posterior pituitary gland

Answer 11

back of pituitary gland

Question 12

what hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary (6)

Answer 12

-Growth hormone (GH)
-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
-Prolactin
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
-Luteinzing hormone (LH)

Question 13

growth hormone

Answer 13

growth of the animal

Question 14

prolactin

Answer 14

starting milk production

Question 15

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 15

-stimulates thyroid gland
-maintain homeostasis

Question 16

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 16

-stimulates adrenal glands
-fight or flight response

Question 17

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 17

-stimulates follicle growth on ovaries

Question 18

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 18

ovulation - egg released from follicle

Question 19

Where are posterior pituitary hormones produced and stored

Answer 19

PRODUCED in hypothalamus and STORED in posterior pituitary

Question 20

Posterior pituitary hormones (3)

Answer 20

-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-oxytocin
-GnRH

Question 21

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 21

helps to conserve water in the body

Question 22

oxytocin

Answer 22

release smooth muscles, lets milk production down

Question 23

GnRH

Answer 23

-comes from hypothalamus
-acts on pituitary
-causes FSH & LH

Question 24

2 hormones produced by ovaries

Answer 24

-estrogen (heat signs)
-progesterone (maintains pregnancy)

Question 25

hormone produced by testicles

Answer 25

testosterone - makes males animal look masculine, sperm production

Question 26

control of hormone secretion

Answer 26

positive and negative feedback

Question 27

positive feedback

Answer 27

when a hormone produced by target gland stimulates furthers production of target hormone

Question 28

negative feedback

Answer 28

when a hormone produced by the target gland inhibits further production of target hormone

Question 29

what is blood? (4)

Answer 29

-fluid -flows through arteries and veins -transports oxygen and nutrients to cells -removes CO2 and other waste

Question 30

composition of blood (2)

Answer 30

-clear liquid -suspended cells

Question 31

what is plasma?

Answer 31

-mostly water -dissolved substances -clotting factors

Question 32

what are suspended cells?

Answer 32

-red blood cells -white blood cells -platelets

Question 33

functions of blood (3)

Answer 33

-transportation -regulation -defense

Question 34

what does blood transport (6)

Answer 34

-hemoglobin -nutrients -waste products -hormones -white blood cells -platelets

Question 36

what is a hemoglobin

Answer 36

-a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to all parts of body -contains iron (gives red color)

Question 37

where are nutrients transported to in blood?

Answer 37

nutrients dissolved in plasma are carried to tissues

Question 38

where are waste products carried to in blood?

Answer 38

to lungs and kidneys for removal from body

Question 39

where are hormones transported from and to in the bloodstream

Answer 39

from endocrine glands to target organs

Question 40

where are platelets carried to in the bloodstream?

Answer 40

carried to site of blood vessel damage to control bleeding

Question 41

what does blood regulate (2)

Answer 41

-tissue fluid content -body temperature

Question 42

what part of blood defends?

Answer 42

-white blood cells defend against infection -platelets against blood loss

Question 43

what do platelets do?

Answer 43

-defend against blood loss -forms a plug inside damaged vessels -involved in ACTIVATION of clotting cascade

Question 44

what is hematopoiesis

Answer 44

blood cell formation

Question 45

where does hematopoiesis occur in a fetus, newborn/growing animal, and an adult

Answer 45

-fetus - liver and spleen -newborn/growing animal- bone marrow of most bones -adult - bone marrow of skill, ribs, sternum, vertebral column, pelvis, femur

Question 46

red blood cell shape

Answer 46

-bioconcave -donut without a complete hole through center

Question 47

do red blood cells have nuclei or mitochondria?

Answer 47

no, used glucose as energy

Question 48

can red blood cells change shape?

Answer 48

yes to travel through vessels of varying sizes

Question 49

life span of red blood cells

Answer 49

150-160 days in livestock

Question 50

anemia

Answer 50

lower than normal number of red blood cells

Question 51

signs of anemia

Answer 51

pale mucous membranes

Question 52

causes of anemia

Answer 52

-blood loss -increase of RBC destruction -decrease of RBC production

Question 53

what 2 products do red blood cells transport

Answer 53

-oxygen to tissues -waste products (CO2) to lungs to be exhaled

Question 54

platelet shape

Answer 54

round or oval but much smaller than RBC

Question 55

does platelets have a nucleus?

Answer 55

no, has small granules in cytoplasm which has Ca and clotting factors

Question 56

what is needed for a blood clot?

Answer 56

Ca and clotting factors

Question 57

how long do platelets live?

Answer 57

5-7 days in circulating blood

Question 58

platelet functions (2)

Answer 58

-formation of platelet plug -activation of the coagulation (clotting cascade)

Question 59

leukocytes

Answer 59

white blood cells

Question 60

where are WBC produced

Answer 60

in bone marrow

Question 61

where do WBC work

Answer 61

tissues of body (not bloodstream)

Question 62

5 types of WBC

Answer 62

GRANULAR: -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils AGRANULAR: -lymphocytes -monocytes

Question 63

WBC function

Answer 63

-defend against foreign bodies -each type has its unique role in defense

Question 64

first responder WBC

Answer 64

neutrophils

Question 65

neutrophils (4)

Answer 65

-40-75% of WBC -circulate abt 10 hours then enter tissues -stay until death or destroyed -function in early inflammatory response

Question 66

lymphocytes

Answer 66

important in immune system function

Question 67

3 types of lymphocytes

Answer 67

-T Cells -B cells -natural killers

Question 68

T-cells

Answer 68

can attack antigens (foreign substances) and other immune cell responses

Question 69

B Cells

Answer 69

produce antibodies which bind to and destroy antigens

Question 70

natural killer cells

Answer 70

respond to viruses