Digestive System Flashcards
functions of digestive system (5)
-ingestion
-mixing and moving
-digestion
-metabolism
-move waste products
digestive tract is also known as
gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
digestive system parts (7)
-mouth
-salivary glands
-pharynx
-esophagus
-monogastric stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
parts of the mouth
-lips
-teeth
-tongue
salivary glands
deposit saliva into oral cavity via ducts or tubes
saliva contains
mostly water, bicarbonate, antibodies, enzymes
amylase in saliva
-pigs
-helps digest starchy carbohydrates in stomach
functions of saliva (4)
-soften and lubricate food
-antibacterial properties
-pH regulation
-enzymatic digestion
digestion related organs
liver, gall bladder, pancreas
liver functions
-detoxify substances from digestive tract
-remove bacteria, viruses, damaged blood cells
-bile production
-coagulation factors
liver has large amounts of what circulating thro it?
blood
gall bladder
stores bile until it is needed to digest fats
do horses have a gall bladder?
no
pancreas
-2 parts
-located by duodenum & stomach
what are the 2 parts of the pancreas
endocrine and exocrine
endocrine part of pancreas’s produces
hormones (insulin, glucagon, regular blood glucose) and releases them
exocrine part in pancreas produces
digestive system enzymes (carbs, fats, proteins) and released them into duodenum
esophagus
-muscular tube
-tube connecting pharynx & stomach
how is food moved?
peristalsis (muscular contractions)
monogastric stomachs
-store food
-mechanical (increase surface area)
-chemical breakdown (enzymes & acids)
small intestine
-tube connecting stomach to large intestine
-main area of digestion & nutrient absorption in pigs (non-ruminants)
small intestine features
-long and many loops
-lining has many folds
-fingerlike projections called villi
-villi have fingerlike projections called microvilli
what do the small intestine features do
-increase surface area
-MORE NUTRIENT ABSORPTION
large intestine parts
-cecum
-colon
-rectum
-anus
cecum
fermentation of plant material
colon
absorption of H2O and ions
rectum
storage of feces until defecation occurs
what do ruminants eat
large amounts of fibrous feed
what chambers of a ruminant stomach is the fore stomach without enzymes
rumen, reticulum, omasum
what part of a ruminants stomach is the true stomach
abosmasum
abomasum
glandular or produces digestive enzymes
rumen functions (3)
-storage of feed
-mixing & breaking down
-fermentation
fermentation vat or paunch
rumen
where is the most cellulose degraded and contains large numbers of bacteria, protozoa and fungi
rumen
fermentation process
breakdown of complex carbohydrates (cellulose) into VFA
VFA
acetic, butyric, and probiotic acid
what do ruminants do with VFA’s?
absorb and use them for energy
what contracts to mix feed in a ruminant
rumen and reticulum
rumen papillae
increases surface area for absorption of VFA
where does fermentation (VFA production) occur in a horse?
cecum
where are VFA’s absorbed in horses?
cecum and colon and used as an energy source
reticulum
-honeycomb
-located behind heart on left side
-metal accumulates
omasum
-many plies
-absorbs water
abomasum
-true stomach
-located right side alone body all
-like monogastric but doesn’t store
rumination
chewing cud
purpose of rumination
more breakdown of plant materials
cud
a bolus / ball of feed
steps of rumination
-regurgitation of bolus into esophagus
-bolus moved into mouth by reverse peristalsis
-bolus chewed more and salvia added
-bolus reswallowed
reverse peristalsis
movement of food backward into esophagus
eructation
-belching
-release of gases produced by microbes during fermentation
is the rumen functional at birth
no, at birth the largest compartment is the abomasum
largest compartment at birth
abomasum
what allows milk to bypass the rumen and reticulum in a newborn animal
esophageal groove
