Female Reproductive Disorders

Question 1

ovarian cysts arise from

Answer 1

follicles that continue to grow, accumulate fluid, and produce hormones

Question 2

retention of a cyst may cause

Answer 2

hormonal and/or fertility problems

Question 3

rupture of a cyst may cause

Answer 3

bleeding and acute pain

Question 4

ovarian cancer is difficult to diagnose because it

Answer 4

produces nondescript symptoms, such as slight pelvic discomfort, bloating, and/or fatigue

Question 5

most ovarian cancers result from

Answer 5

abnormal epithelial cells on surface of ovary

Question 6

more often a woman ovulates,

Answer 6

the greater her risk for developing ovarian cancer

Question 7

pregnancy and nursing can

Answer 7

reduce number of ovulations

Question 8

ovarian cancer is usually not detected until

Answer 8

it has metastasized

Question 9

females who are at greater risk for ovarian cancer

Answer 9

smoke cigarettes and have a family history of ovarian cancer

Question 10

early detection of uterine disorder usually results from

Answer 10

an annual gynecological exam

Question 11

examination of external genitalia can identify

Answer 11

irritation, genital lesions or growths, or abnormal discharge from vagina

Question 12

internal examination allows

Answer 12

vaginal walls and cervix to be examined visually

Question 13

pap exam

Answer 13

removes cells from cervix and cervical canal

Question 14

pap test is usually

Answer 14

90 to 95% reliable for detecting precancerous conditions of cervix

Question 15

cervical cancer

Answer 15

was once the leading cancer killer of American woman,but now it ranks seventh because of increased awareness and early detection

Question 16

cervical dysplasia

Answer 16

precancerous condition that changes shape, growth rate, and quantity of cervical cells

Question 17

pap smears

Answer 17

tend to be reliable at detecting cervical dysplasia

Question 18

human papilloma virus

Answer 18

is a principal cause of cervical cancer

Question 19

women who have inconclusive pap smears

Answer 19

should be tested for HPV

Question 20

women at risk for developing cervical cancer

Answer 20

sexually active early in life
multipile sex partners
use oral contraceptives
women, especially teenagers who smoke cigarettes

Question 21

treatment of cervical cancer involves

Answer 21

removal of lesions, radiation therapy,chemotherapy and or hysterectomy

Question 22

endometrial cancer

Answer 22

invades the inner lining of the uterus and is most common among women between 50 and 64, although women who have never been pregnant, women who are obese, and /or women who have diabetes tend to have a higher risk

Question 23

an early symptom of endometrial cancer is

Answer 23

irregular menstrual bleeding

Question 24

common uterine disorders

Answer 24

benign cysts or polyps or fibroid tumors are common

Question 25

endometriosis

Answer 25

the growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus because of menstrual reflux through the Fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity

Question 26

in endometriosis, the endometrial tissue may

Answer 26

attache to ovaries, kidneys, bladder, or abdominal wall

Question 27

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 27

occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterine cavity, usually in the ampulla of a Fallopian tube, and produces a “tubal pregnancy”

Question 28

who is at risk for developing an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 28

women who use an intrauterine device for birth control, women who have developed pelvic inflammatory disease, women who smoke cigarettes

Question 29

ectopic pregnancy cannot

Answer 29

continue and a tubal pregnancy MUST be aborted

Question 30

fibrocystic disease of the breast

Answer 30

is the most common cause of breast lumps, which are fluid-filled cysts or alveolar thickening

Question 31

fibrocystic disease symptoms

Answer 31

lumpy, swollen, tender breasts develop

Question 32

fibroadenomas

Answer 32

are fibrous or solid tissue masses that are usually benign

any breast lump should be examined

Question 33

breast cancer used to

Answer 33

be the leading cause of death among women between the ages of 35 and 44, but it has been replaced by lung cancer from smoking

Question 34

breast cancer is most common in

Answer 34

post-menopausal women over 50 and approx one of eight women in US will develop breast cancer

Question 35

familial breast cancer is ______________ and occurs in

Answer 35

hereditary

occurs in women that have two defective copies of BRCA1 gene in her breast cells

Question 36

spontaneous breast cancer occurs in

Answer 36

individuals with no prior history

Question 37

women at risk for spontaneous breast cancer

Answer 37

women who are childless or who had their first child after age 34, women who began menstruation before age 12, women who entered menopause after age 50, who smoke cigarettes

Question 38

more than 70% of breast cancers lack

Answer 38

any identifiable risk factors

Question 39

early detection of breast abnormalities such as

Answer 39

lumps, tissue puckering, or abnormal nipple discharge is important for surviving breast cancer

Question 40

women who should do a monthly self exam

Answer 40

ALL females over age of 20

Question 41

base line mammorgram should be taken

Answer 41

between 35 and 40 to establish normal breast anatomy

Question 42

treatment of breast cancer involves

Answer 42

removing the breast tumor and any affected tissue

Question 43

lumpectomy

Answer 43

removes only tumor if cancer has not spread

Question 44

simple mastectomy

Answer 44

if cancer has spread, removes affected breast tissue

Question 45

radical mastectomy

Answer 45

removes breast, lymph nodes, underlying pectoralis muscle and fascia

Question 46

chemotherapy and radiation therapy

Answer 46

used as follow up treatment

Question 47

drug therapies are recommended for

Answer 47

estrogen-responsive cancers

Question 48

herceptin uses

Answer 48

bioengineered antibodies to jam estrogen receptors

Question 49

tamoxifen is

Answer 49

an antiestrogen that blocks estrogens

Question 50

tamoxifen is recommended for

Answer 50

pre-menstrual females

Question 51

femora

Answer 51

disables an enzyme needed to make estrogens

Question 52

femora reduces

Answer 52

risk of cancer reoccurring in post-menopausal female