Disorders of Urinary System Flashcards
urinary tract infection (UTI)
an infection in any part of the urinary system, or the presence of bacteria that may produce blood of pus in the urine
symptoms of a UTI
painful and/or burning urination, urgent and/or frequent urination, low-back pain, bed-wetting
UTI may also be
asymptomatic
urethritis
an inflammation of the urethra that can cause painful urination (dysuria)
cystitis
an inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually in the trigone, which is often accompanied by hematuria
females are also more prone to cystitis because of
E. coli bacteria from the anus can easily spread up short urethra into bladder
if cystitis is untreated
bacteria may spread to renal pelvis, renal cortex, and nephrons and cause pyelonephritis
glomerulonephritis
an inflammation of the glomeruli that makes them swollen and more permeable, which leads to hematuria and proteinuria and even renal failure
glomerulonephritis may be an
autoimmune disorder
polycystic kidney disease
renal tubulues riddled with cysts can cause renal failure
renal calculi
may occur when excess calcium intake or insufficient or insufficient water intake cause calcium or phosphates or uric acid to crystallize into insoluble stones
common cause of renal calculi
oxalic acids from beets, colas, leafy green vegetables, and tea
stones may block ureters
and create excruciating pain as they pass through ureters
treatment of renal calculi
may involved stone-dissolving drugs or surgery or ultrasound lithotripsy
chronic renal disease is diagnosed if
one’s GFR is below 60 mL/min for at least 3 months
