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BIOL 314 Exam 4 > Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

the genetic sex of a female is determined at

A

time of fertilization from the X chromosome that is carried by the sperm

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2
Q

the female gonads develop from

A

mesoderm in the embryo

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3
Q

absence of Y chromosome and its sex determining gene allows

A

undifferentiated gonads to develop into ovaries

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4
Q

the female reproductive ducts develop from

A

the paramesonephros in the embryo

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5
Q

absence of testosterone prevents

A

mesonephros from developing

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6
Q

absence of Muellerian-inhibiting factor allows

A

Muellerian ducts to develop

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7
Q

the female external genitalia develop from

A

the genital tubercle

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8
Q

in formation of external genitalia the absence of testosterone prevents

A

lateral buttresses and glans from enlarging and prevents labiosacral swellings from fusing together

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9
Q

the ovaries are

A

the female gonads

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10
Q

ovaries are

A

cytogenic because they produce new oocytes within follicles

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11
Q

ovaries function as

A

endocrine glands to produce estrogens and progesterone

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12
Q

and ovary is roughly the size and shape of

A

an almond and it is suspended in the pelvic cavity by a collection of ligaments

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13
Q

attaches to broad ligament at back of uterus by

A

mesovarium

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14
Q

ovarian ligament attaches

A

medial surface to uterus

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15
Q

suspensory ligament attaches

A

lateral surface to wall of pelvic cavity

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16
Q

There is or is not a direct connection between an ovary and the female reproductive tract

A

NOT

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17
Q

blood vessels and nerves enter through

A

hilus

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18
Q

a cross section of an ovary would show

A

several layers

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19
Q

germinal epithelium

A

covers surface of ovary (flat layer)

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20
Q

tunica albuginea

A

is inside germinal epithelium and is made of connective tissue of ovary

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21
Q

stroma is

A

at center of ovary and is made of connective tissue

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22
Q

cortex of stroma is

A

involved in egg development and filled with fine strands of tissue

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23
Q

medulla of stroma contains

A

ovarian blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

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24
Q

during embryonic development, primordial germ cells

A

migrate to a developing ovary, which causes the primary sex cords to grow into the germinal epithelium

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25
Q

during embryonic development cortex

A

expands, medulla contracts, primary sex cords degenerate

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26
Q

ovary is homologous to

A

a testis

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27
Q

cells in medulla that surround primordial germ cell become

A

follicle cells, which are homologous to interstitial cells of Leydig

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28
Q

primordial germs cells become

A

oogonia

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29
Q

oogonia are homologous to

A

spermatogonia

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30
Q

homologous means

A

arisen from same embryonic tissue

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31
Q

the uterine (fallopian) tubes contain

A

smooth muscle and they are lined with cilia and they extend laterally from an ovary toward the uterus

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32
Q

infundibulum

A

the distal, funnel-shaped end of a fallopian tube

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33
Q

fimbriae

A

“catch” oocytes and are fingerlike

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34
Q

beyond the infundibulum is

A

an enlarged ampulla, where fertilization usually takes place

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35
Q

the ampulla leads to

A

a short, narrow isthmus that attaches to the wall of the uterus

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36
Q

the uterus is

A

a hollow, muscular organ roughly the size and shape of a pear and it is located between the urinary bladder and the rectum

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37
Q

uterus is held in place by

A

broad ligaments that attach it to either side of the pelvic cavity

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38
Q

uterosacral ligaments attach

A

uterus to sacrum

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39
Q

round ligaments attach

A

uterus to external genitalia

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40
Q

there are _________ regions of the uterus

A

3

41
Q

perimetrium

A

covers uterus- thin outer layer of connective tissue

42
Q

myometrium

A

is a thick layer of smooth muscle, causes labor contractions and menstrual cramps

43
Q

endometrium

A

highly vascular mucous membrane that lines uterine cavity

44
Q

stratum functionalis of endometrium

A

proliferates monthly and sloughs off during menstruation

45
Q

startum basalis or endometrium

A

is a permanent source for replacement of stratum functionalis after completion of each menstrual cycle

46
Q

the vagina

A

a fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix to the vaginal orifice

47
Q

cervix protrudes

A

into vagina to from fornix (a deep recess)

48
Q

the wall of the vagina consists of

A

3 layers

49
Q

inner epithelium of vagina forms

A

vaginal rugae that secrete mucus and other substances to produce an acidic environment

50
Q

rugae produce

A

friction during intercourse to stimulate ejaculation

51
Q

middle layer of vagina

A

contains smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

52
Q

outer layer of vagina

A

anchors vagina in pelvic cavity and is made of connective tissue

53
Q

the vaginal orifice is partially to fully covered at birth by

A

a thin membranous hymen that usually ruptures during childhood activity

54
Q

the vagina serves as

A

the female copulatory organ, forms lower portion of the birth canal and provides a passage from menstrual flow out of the body

55
Q

the lack of testosterone during development causes

A

the mesonephros to degenerate

56
Q

while the absence of Muellerian inhibiting factor allows

A

the Muellerian ducts to differentiate

57
Q

Fallopian tubes form

A

upper, unfused, funnel shaped ends of Muellerian ducts

58
Q

uterus and broad ligaments form when

A

when middle portions of Muellerian ducts fuse

59
Q

inner two thirds of vagina forms when

A

distal portions of the Muellerian ducts unite with urogenital sinus

60
Q

what is homologous to the male vas deferens?

A

nothing

61
Q

the female external genitalia are collectively referred to as

A

the vulve or pudendum

62
Q

mons pubis

A

a mound of fatty tissue covered with skin and coarse hair that cushions the pubic symphysis and vulva during sexual intercourse

63
Q

labia majora

A

fleshy folds covered by pubic hair that extend from the mons pubis

64
Q

labia minora

A

located inside the labia majora and have no pubic hair

65
Q

clitoris

A

a nodule of erectile tissue at the anterior junction of the labia minora

66
Q

labia minora form

A

prepuse that covers clitoris

67
Q

shaft of clitoris

A

contains corpora cavernosa clitoris; spongy erectile tissue

68
Q

glans clitoris

A

richly innervated and extremely sensitive to touch

69
Q

the vestibule

A

the area enclosed by the labia minora

70
Q

urethral orifice

A

located behind clitoris

71
Q

vaginal orifice

A

posterior opening

72
Q

vestibular bulbs

A

masses of erectile tissue located deep in labia majora on either side of vaginal orifice

73
Q

during sexual intercourse the vestibular bulbs

A

become engorged with blood to increase pressure on penis during sexual intercourse

74
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

produce and secrete mucus during sexual arousal (located on either side of vaginal orifice) lubricate vestibule in preparation of sexual intercourse

75
Q

skene’s glands produces

A

secretions to keep urethral orifice moist and lubricated

- tiny glands on either side of vaginal orifice

76
Q

the genital tubercle differentiates into the

A

vulva in the absence of testosterone

77
Q

urethral folds become

A

labia minora (do not fuse)

78
Q

lateral buttresses

A

disappear, except for upper portion that becomes clitoris, which is homologous to penis

79
Q

labioscrotal swellings remain

A

unfused and become labia majora, which are homologous to scrotum

80
Q

the urethral groove remains open, but

A

a partition separates it into two open regions

81
Q

posterior opening becomes

A

vaginal orifice’ urethral groove grows inward from this opening to form lower one-third of vagina

82
Q

anterior opening becomes

A

the external urethral orifice; urethral groove grows inward from this opening to form urinary bladder

83
Q

lateral growths along the urethra become

A

Bartholin’s glands and skene glands

84
Q

bartholin’s glands form

A

ducts that link them with vagina

85
Q

bartholins glands are homologous to

A

bulbourethral glands

86
Q

skene glands establish

A

ducts that open into vestibule

87
Q

skene glands are

A

homologous to prostate glands

88
Q

the breasts are

A

secondary sex structures that consist of adipose tissue covered by skin

89
Q

location of breasts

A

above pectoralis major muscles and supported by suspensory ligaments

90
Q

as a female grows older- suspensory ligaments

A

become weaker and her breasts sag causing condition known as “coopers droop”

91
Q

breasts size and breasts shape are determined by

A

amount of adipose tissue

92
Q

each breast bears a

A

cylindrical nipple surrounded by a pigmented areola

93
Q

areola may appear

A

rough; contains modified sebaceous glands that secrete oils to keep nipple soft and pliable while infant nurses

94
Q

internal mammary glands

A

actually modified sweat glands from the integument that consist of 15-20 lobes subdivided into lobules

95
Q

each lobule of interal mammary glands

A

contains milk secreting alveoli

96
Q

milk secreation into

A

lactiferous ducts, which form lactiferous sinuses before they converge at nipple

97
Q

milk can be temporarily stored in

A

lactiferous sinuses when a female is nursing

98
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

along length of lactiferous ducts contract and force milk toward nipple

BIOL 314 Exam 4 (13 decks)

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