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CTC Junior Vet science > Feed Nutrients > Flashcards

Feed Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

A chemical compound or element that aides in the support of life

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2
Q

What are nutrients needed for?

A

They are needed by cells in order to grow, divide, live,& function properly.

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3
Q

What are the 5 classifications of nutrients?

A 
~Energy Nutrients ( carbs, fats, & oils)
~Protein 
~Vitamins 
~Minerals 
~Water
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4
Q

What are carbs made of?

A

Sugars, starches, cellulose, & lignin

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5
Q

What does the body do with carbs?

A

~burns the carbs for energy for cells
~or is stored when not used
~releases heat for warmth

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6
Q

What do carbs allow energy for?

A

~Heartbeat
~Walking
~Breathing
~Digestive contractions

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7
Q

What are the two classifications of Carbohydrates?

A

Simple and complex

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8
Q

What are simple carbs made of?

A

Sugars and starches

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9
Q

What are complex carbs made of?

A

Fiber - composed of cellulose and lignin

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10
Q

How are fats and oils different from carbs?

A

Fats and oils provide more energy than carbs to animals

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11
Q

How much more energy do fats and oils provide compared to carbs?

A

2.25 times as much

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12
Q

How are fats and oils different from each other?

A

Fats are solid at body temperature.

Oils are liquid at body temperature.

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13
Q

What are sources of fats & oils?

A

Cereal grains, rendered animal fat (crisco), oil seeds ( flax seed, sunflower seed

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14
Q

What is a protein?

A

Organic compounds made up of amino acids

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15
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

They are used to build body tissue, horns, hooves, hair, internal organs, muscles & skin

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16
Q

Which animals need protein the most?

A

Pregnant animals

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17
Q

What are sources of protein?

A

Urea, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, linseed meal, meat meal, fish meal, whey, dried milk

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18
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Trace organic compounds- needed in small amounts

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19
Q

What are the two types of vitamins?

A

Fat soluble and water soluble

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20
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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21
Q

What do fat soluble vitamins do?

A

They help with healthy eyes, conception rate, & disease resistance

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22
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A

C and B-complex

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23
Q

What do water soluble vitamins do?

A

They help with teeth and bone formation, increased energy, increased appetite, growth & reproduction.

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24
Q

What are sources of vitamins?

A

Green leafy hay, milk, cod liver oil

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25
What are minerals?
Inorganic materials needed in trace amounts
26
What do minerals do?
They provide for bone growth, teeth & tissue, aid in muscular activities, repair body tissue, digestion of feed, other body processes, immunity to diseases
27
What are sources of minerals?
Mineral blocks & milled into feeds
28
What are the 2 types of minerals?
Macro minerals and micro minerals
29
What are the differences between the two types of minerals?
Marco minerals are needed in larger amounts. | Micro minerals are needed in smaller amounts.
30
What is water?
Water makes up the largest mass of living organisms
31
How much water do animals need?
Amount needed varies by animal
32
What percentage of an animal's body is made up of water?
40%-80%
33
What does water do?
~Controls body temperature ~Dissolves nutrients ~Acts as a carrier in blood for nutrients ~Is needed for certain chemical reactions in the body
34
What is a macro mineral?
Mineral needed in larger amounts ( larger than small)
35
What are the macro minerals?
``` Calcium (Ca) Phosphorus (P) Sodium (Na) Chlorine (Cl) Potassium (K) Sulfur (S) Magnesium (Mg) ```
36
What does calcium do?
~Bone and teeth development ~Essential for lactating animals and laying hens ~Nerve and Muscle function
37
What are the deficiency symptoms for calcium?
~Rickets ~Broken bones ~Slow growth ~Milk fever
38
What is the correct ratio for calcium to phosphorus?
1:1 or 1:2
39
What are the sources of calcium?
~grains, grain by products, straw, dried manure, grasses ~supplements ~forages ~fishmeal, milk, citrus pulp
40
What are consequences of calcium toxicity?
~decreased absorption of other minerals ~calcification of soft tissues ~kidney stone formation
41
Phosphorus functions
``` bone and teeth development appetite milk and egg production reproduction conversion of cartolene to vitamin A vitamin D utilization ```
42
Phosphorous deficiency functions
``` lameness stiff joints low appetite reduced rate of grain breeding problems ```
43
Phosphorous sources
``` wheat bran meat scraps tankage fish meal dried skim milk legume and grass pastures cereal grain and by products mineral supplements ```
44
Salt (sodium and chlorine) functions
maintains osmotic functions
45
Salt (Na and Cl) deficiency symptoms
lameness | stiff joints
46
Salt (Na/Cl) sources
``` Hay salt (loose) salt block ```
47
Salt (Na/Cl) toxicity
staggering gait blindness nervous disorder hyperventilation
48
Potassium (K) functions
osmotic pressure maintain acid-base balance of body fluids muscle activity carb digestion
49
Potassium (K) deficiency symptoms
slow growth rate reduced feed consumption muscle weakness diarrhea
50
Potassium (K) sources
forages | grains and concentrates
51
Potassium (K) toxicity
diarrhea tremors heart failure
52
Magnesium (Mg) functions
``` activate enzyme systems in body maintenance of nervous system carb digestion use of zinc, phosphorus, and nitrates skeletal development ```
53
Mg deficiency symptoms
muscle spasms convulsions hyper irritability
54
Mg sources
could mix with salt or supplement | (if low diet) from softened bones
55
Sulfur (S) functions
make-up amino acids | lipid metabolism
56
Sulfur deficiency symptoms
unthriftiness (runt) | slow growth
57
Sulfur sources
forages (especially legumes) | water
58
What are the trace/micro minerals
``` iron (Fe) copper(Cu) zinc (Zn) Iodine (I) Cobalt (Co) Manganese (Mn) Molybdenum (Mo) Selenium (Se) Silicon (Si) Fluorine (F) Chromium (Cr) ```
59
Iron (Fe) functions
hemoglobin formation | oxidation of nutrients in cells
60
Iron (Fe) deficiency symptoms
anemia
61
Iron (Fe) sources
grains forages (trace) mineralized salt with iron
62
Copper functions
``` hemoglobin formation activate some enzyme systems hair development and pigment wool growth reproduction lactation ```
63
Copper deficiency symptoms
severe diarrhea slow growth swelling of joints weakness at birth
64
Copper sources
feeds have more than needed
65
Copper toxicity
levels - above 50ppm | symptoms - anemia, jaundice
66
Zinc functions
``` normal development of skin, hair, wool, bones and eyes prevents parakeratosis promotes healing enzyme systems metabolism protein synthesis insulin ```
67
Zinc deficiency symptoms
parakertosis (elephant skin swine) | elephant skin on neck, muzzle, back of ears on cattle
68
Selenium functions
vitamin absorption
69
Selenium deficiency symptoms
whites muscle disease retained placenta in ruminants low fertility in ruminants diarrhea
70
Selenium sources
injections* | roughages
71
Selenium toxicity
``` death wandering blind staggers stumbling impaired vision ```
72
Ingredients in pig and chicken diets are
corn and soybeans
73
Pig diets are rich in what 5 things?
``` whole grains vitamins minerals protein energy ```
74
Grinding corn is better for pigs and corn b/c
easier digested | prevents feed sorting
75
Feed sorting
when parts of feed are picked out and eaten first (by color or feed)
76
What size is pig/ chicken feed?
about 700 microns
77
Why is 700 microns the best size for pig/chicken feed?
easier on money and best for animal

CTC Junior Vet science (51 decks)

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