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CTC Junior Vet science > Feed Nutrients > Flashcards

Feed Nutrients Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

A chemical compound or element that aides in the support of life

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2
Q

What are nutrients needed for?

A

They are needed by cells in order to grow, divide, live,& function properly.

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3
Q

What are the 5 classifications of nutrients?

A 
~Energy Nutrients ( carbs, fats, & oils)
~Protein 
~Vitamins 
~Minerals 
~Water
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4
Q

What are carbs made of?

A

Sugars, starches, cellulose, & lignin

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5
Q

What does the body do with carbs?

A

~burns the carbs for energy for cells
~or is stored when not used
~releases heat for warmth

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6
Q

What do carbs allow energy for?

A

~Heartbeat
~Walking
~Breathing
~Digestive contractions

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7
Q

What are the two classifications of Carbohydrates?

A

Simple and complex

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8
Q

What are simple carbs made of?

A

Sugars and starches

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9
Q

What are complex carbs made of?

A

Fiber - composed of cellulose and lignin

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10
Q

How are fats and oils different from carbs?

A

Fats and oils provide more energy than carbs to animals

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11
Q

How much more energy do fats and oils provide compared to carbs?

A

2.25 times as much

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12
Q

How are fats and oils different from each other?

A

Fats are solid at body temperature.

Oils are liquid at body temperature.

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13
Q

What are sources of fats & oils?

A

Cereal grains, rendered animal fat (crisco), oil seeds ( flax seed, sunflower seed

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14
Q

What is a protein?

A

Organic compounds made up of amino acids

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15
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

They are used to build body tissue, horns, hooves, hair, internal organs, muscles & skin

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16
Q

Which animals need protein the most?

A

Pregnant animals

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17
Q

What are sources of protein?

A

Urea, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, linseed meal, meat meal, fish meal, whey, dried milk

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18
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Trace organic compounds- needed in small amounts

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19
Q

What are the two types of vitamins?

A

Fat soluble and water soluble

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20
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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21
Q

What do fat soluble vitamins do?

A

They help with healthy eyes, conception rate, & disease resistance

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22
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A

C and B-complex

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23
Q

What do water soluble vitamins do?

A

They help with teeth and bone formation, increased energy, increased appetite, growth & reproduction.

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24
Q

What are sources of vitamins?

A

Green leafy hay, milk, cod liver oil

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25
Q

What are minerals?

A

Inorganic materials needed in trace amounts

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26
Q

What do minerals do?

A

They provide for bone growth, teeth & tissue, aid in muscular activities, repair body tissue, digestion of feed, other body processes, immunity to diseases

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27
Q

What are sources of minerals?

A

Mineral blocks & milled into feeds

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28
Q

What are the 2 types of minerals?

A

Macro minerals and micro minerals

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29
Q

What are the differences between the two types of minerals?

A

Marco minerals are needed in larger amounts.

Micro minerals are needed in smaller amounts.

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30
Q

What is water?

A

Water makes up the largest mass of living organisms

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31
Q

How much water do animals need?

A

Amount needed varies by animal

32
Q

What percentage of an animal’s body is made up of water?

A

40%-80%

33
Q

What does water do?

A

~Controls body temperature
~Dissolves nutrients
~Acts as a carrier in blood for nutrients
~Is needed for certain chemical reactions in the body

34
Q

What is a macro mineral?

A

Mineral needed in larger amounts ( larger than small)

35
Q

What are the macro minerals?

A 
Calcium (Ca) 
Phosphorus (P)
Sodium (Na)
Chlorine (Cl)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Magnesium (Mg)
36
Q

What does calcium do?

A

~Bone and teeth development
~Essential for lactating animals and laying hens
~Nerve and Muscle function

37
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms for calcium?

A

~Rickets
~Broken bones
~Slow growth
~Milk fever

38
Q

What is the correct ratio for calcium to phosphorus?

A

1:1 or 1:2

39
Q

What are the sources of calcium?

A

~grains, grain by products, straw, dried manure, grasses
~supplements
~forages
~fishmeal, milk, citrus pulp

40
Q

What are consequences of calcium toxicity?

A

~decreased absorption of other minerals
~calcification of soft tissues
~kidney stone formation

41
Q

Phosphorus functions

A 
bone and teeth development 
appetite 
milk and egg production 
reproduction 
conversion of cartolene to vitamin A 
vitamin D utilization
42
Q

Phosphorous deficiency functions

A 
lameness
stiff joints 
low appetite 
reduced rate of grain 
breeding problems
43
Q

Phosphorous sources

A 
wheat bran 
meat scraps
tankage 
fish meal 
dried skim milk 
legume and grass pastures 
cereal grain and by products 
mineral supplements
44
Q

Salt (sodium and chlorine) functions

A

maintains osmotic functions

45
Q

Salt (Na and Cl) deficiency symptoms

A

lameness

stiff joints

46
Q

Salt (Na/Cl) sources

A 
Hay salt (loose) 
salt block
47
Q

Salt (Na/Cl) toxicity

A

staggering gait
blindness
nervous disorder
hyperventilation

48
Q

Potassium (K) functions

A

osmotic pressure
maintain acid-base balance of body fluids
muscle activity
carb digestion

49
Q

Potassium (K) deficiency symptoms

A

slow growth rate
reduced feed consumption
muscle weakness
diarrhea

50
Q

Potassium (K) sources

A

forages

grains and concentrates

51
Q

Potassium (K) toxicity

A

diarrhea
tremors
heart failure

52
Q

Magnesium (Mg) functions

A 
activate enzyme systems in body 
maintenance of nervous system 
carb digestion 
use of zinc, phosphorus, and nitrates 
skeletal development
53
Q

Mg deficiency symptoms

A

muscle spasms
convulsions
hyper irritability

54
Q

Mg sources

A

could mix with salt or supplement

(if low diet) from softened bones

55
Q

Sulfur (S) functions

A

make-up amino acids

lipid metabolism

56
Q

Sulfur deficiency symptoms

A

unthriftiness (runt)

slow growth

57
Q

Sulfur sources

A

forages (especially legumes)

water

58
Q

What are the trace/micro minerals

A 
iron (Fe) 
copper(Cu)
zinc (Zn) 
Iodine (I) 
Cobalt (Co) 
Manganese (Mn) 
Molybdenum (Mo) 
Selenium (Se) 
Silicon (Si)
Fluorine (F) 
Chromium (Cr)
59
Q

Iron (Fe) functions

A

hemoglobin formation

oxidation of nutrients in cells

60
Q

Iron (Fe) deficiency symptoms

A

anemia

61
Q

Iron (Fe) sources

A

grains
forages
(trace) mineralized salt with iron

62
Q

Copper functions

A 
hemoglobin formation activate some enzyme systems 
hair development and pigment 
wool growth 
reproduction 
lactation
63
Q

Copper deficiency symptoms

A

severe diarrhea
slow growth
swelling of joints
weakness at birth

64
Q

Copper sources

A

feeds have more than needed

65
Q

Copper toxicity

A

levels - above 50ppm

symptoms - anemia, jaundice

66
Q

Zinc functions

A 
normal development of skin, hair, wool, bones and eyes
prevents parakeratosis 
 promotes healing 
enzyme systems 
metabolism 
protein synthesis 
insulin
67
Q

Zinc deficiency symptoms

A

parakertosis (elephant skin swine)

elephant skin on neck, muzzle, back of ears on cattle

68
Q

Selenium functions

A

vitamin absorption

69
Q

Selenium deficiency symptoms

A

whites muscle disease
retained placenta in ruminants
low fertility in ruminants
diarrhea

70
Q

Selenium sources

A

injections*

roughages

71
Q

Selenium toxicity

A 
death 
wandering 
blind staggers 
stumbling 
impaired vision
72
Q

Ingredients in pig and chicken diets are

A

corn and soybeans

73
Q

Pig diets are rich in what 5 things?

A 
whole grains 
vitamins 
minerals 
protein 
energy
74
Q

Grinding corn is better for pigs and corn b/c

A

easier digested

prevents feed sorting

75
Q

Feed sorting

A

when parts of feed are picked out and eaten first (by color or feed)

76
Q

What size is pig/ chicken feed?

A

about 700 microns

77
Q

Why is 700 microns the best size for pig/chicken feed?

A

easier on money and best for animal

CTC Junior Vet science (51 decks)

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