Features of Selective Cancers

Question 1

Write a note on breast cancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 1

1:11 women, and 1:1000 in men. 90% five year survival rate.

Risk factors: geriatric pregnancy , late menopause, family history and diet

Metastasis to lymph notes and bones

BRCA1 and BRCA2 = breast cancer suppressor genes- inherited

Mortality is decreasing- breast cancer screening and treatment improvements

Question 2

Write a note on coloncancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 2

1:20 in men and slightly lower in women
64% 5 year survival rate
risk factors: family history, IBD, diet
Metastasis locally and to liver + lymph nodes
P25 repressor gene is mutated in colon cancer

Question 3

define repressor gene

Answer 3

a gene whose protein product inhibits a cell function

Question 4

Write a note on lung cancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 4

1:12 in men and 1:23 in women- incidence in women growing as more begin to smoke
13% 5 year survival rate- lung cancer response poorly to chemo
risk factors: smoking, asbestos and radon gas
Metastasis to other lung and surrounding tissue + to bone

Question 5

Write a note on ovarian cancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 5

1:56 women. 49% 5 year survival rate.
Risk factors: family history, fertility treatment
Pregnancy shows to decrease risk .
metastasis to viscera and the other ovary
Gene changes: BRCA1 and BRCA2
Has a poor prognosis because of late initial detections

Question 6

Write a note on pancreatic cancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 6

1:60 in men + women
3% 5 year survival rate
Risks: smoking and pancreatitis
Metastasis to viscera, lung and bone
Most treatments are ineffective

Question 7

Write a note on prostate cancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 7

1:14 men
98% survival rate
Risk factors: mostly uncertain- but diet and family sistory
Metastasis: lymph nodes and bone
Most common cancer in men- incidence is increasing
Most men have occult (hidden) cancers of the prostate

Question 8

Write a note on cervical cancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 8

1:100
71% 5 year survival rate
Risks: early age intercourse, multiple partners, smoking and HPV exposure
Metastasis to lymph nodes: distance metastasis are rare
Genes; HPV contribute to E6 and E7 oncogenes- modify cell cycle + division

Question 9

Write a note on skin cancer- risks, survival rate, metastasis, inherited genes if any, how prevalent it is etc

Answer 9

Skin cancer can develop from 3 types of cell; Basal cell carcinoma accounts for 75%, squamous cell carcinoma is 20% and malignant melanoma contributes 5% to the total and can metastasis to lymph nodes and other areas of skin

Extremely common cancer- 1/5 americans will get skin cancer before 70.

Basal are curable- rarely metastasise
squamous are curable when detected early
5 year survival for malignant melanoma = 85%

Risk factors: UV light and fair skin (white people 10x more likely to get cancer than black people)