Cancer treatment Flashcards
What is the ideal form of cancer treatment?
One that removes all cancer cells without killing healthy cells
What would be a typical treatment for a localised cancer?
Surgical removal & chemotherapy/radiotherapy to kill off residual cancer
What is the basic principle behind cancer treatment?
Kill cancer cells & prevent further growth of tumour
Why is surgery the optimum treatment?
Maximum efficiency on cancer cells minimum efficiency on healthy cells
What solutions cannot be treated by surgery?
Leukaemia & solid cancers metastised to inaccessible are of bone & brain
What is a cytostatic effect?
Prevent cell proliferation - stop growth but not eliminate it
What is a cytotoxic effect?
Killing of cancer cells - can cure patients
Is chemotherapy specific or broad spectrum?
Broad spectrum
What processes do chemotherapy affect?
DNA synthesis & cell proliferation
How do specific chemotherapy drugs target cells?
Based off differentiation properties - treat prostate & breast cancer
Is hormone therapy specific?
Yes affects hormone controlled cancer e.g. breast, ovarian, penal, prostate
What affect does x-rays have on cells?
DNA is irreversibly damaged by ionising radiation - radiotherapy
How can cytotoxic drugs be targeted to specific cells?
Can be attached to antibodies that target proteins on cancer cells
What benefit do angiogenic drugs have?
Prevent metastatic growth - metastasis involves processes such as angiogenesis - these drugs prevent this process
What is prognosis?
Likely future behavior & outcome for patient
What are prognostic factors?
Tumour size, tumour spread, specific biochemical markers, tumour markers in tissue/blood
What is remission?
Decline in cancer size as a result of treatment