Fate of pyuvate Flashcards
where is NAD+ derived from?
Niacin- a vitamin
What must happen to NADH to let glycolysis continue?
It must be re-oxidised
How is NAD+ regenerated?
Through the metabolism of pyruvate
What is the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic)?
- Alcoholic fermentation: yeast and some microorganisms can form ethanol from pyruvate
- Lactic acid fermentation
What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen (aerobic)?
Pyruvate is further oxidised, and much more energy is released
What can you expect in muscles during lactic acid fermentation?
Soreness due to low pH
Plasma lactate during exercise predicts what?
Endurance performance
Where does alcoholic fermentation take place?
Yeast and some plants
Where does aerobic respiration take place and is it more or less efficent than anearobic?
All aerobic organisms
Much more efficiant
What happens when pyruvate enters the mitochondria via a specific transporter?
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
PDC consists of 3 enzymes involved in the actual mechanism. What are they?
What are the other two.enzymes involved in the control of PDC?
E1, E2, E3
Kinase and a phosphatase in a single polypeptide
What are the 5 coenzymes?
Thiamine, Lipoic acid, coenzyme A, FAD, NAD+
Is the reaxtion reversible?
No
Can acetyl-CoA be converted to pyruvate?
No
