Coeliac Disease Flashcards
What is meant by the term autoimmunity?
A condition characterised by a specific humoral and/or cell mediated immune response against the constituents of the body’s own tissues (auto antigens)
Induction of an autoimmine disease requires what three things?
- A genetic predisposition
- An immune trigger
- An autoantigen
Coeliac disease is a life long disease and not an allergy. This means it is not mediated by what?
IgE
What is there an increased number of in the gut epithelium and where do immune cells infiltrate into?
- Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)
- Infiltrate the lamina propriety (connective tissue underlying the epithelium)
What happens within the small intestine of a patient with coeliac disease?
Small intestine with villous atrophy and scalloping
The intraepithelial lymphocytes are CD8-positive what?
T cells
IgA antibodies are produced that are specific for gluten and tTG. This activates Tcells resulting in production of cytokines leading to damage of what?
Epithelial cells
What does gluten peptides induce IEL to release? What does this cause to happen in order for epithelial cells to be killed?
IL-15
Then upregulation of MIC-A on epithelial cells happens for CD8+ IEL activated via their NKG2D receptors which bind to MIC-A and then kill epithelial cells
What are the methods in diagnosing coeliac disease?
Biopsy
Serology (analysis of blood sample)
What can lack of IgA result in when diagnosing coeliac disease?
Falso negatives
What does ELISA stand for?
Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbant Assay
What are the different types of ELISA?
And what can they be used for to detect?
Sandwich
Indirect
Competitive
Both antibody and antigen
What does each method of ELISA use antigen and antibody wise?
Indirect- Antigen
Sandwich- Antibody
Competitive- Both antigen and antigen incubated
