fad diets Flashcards
low-carb/high-protein
- example
- summary main components
- health consequences
- Atkins
- less than 50mg CHO per day, high consumption of animal protein
- water inbalance, ketosis, appetite suppression, renal dysfunction, nausea, low performance capacity, dehydration, osteoporosis
high-carb/low-fat:
- example
- summary/main components
- health consequences
- pritikin diet
- low fat, low calories, plant-based foods, mainly fuirts and vegatables, fats not exceeding 10% of total daily calories
- inadequate intake of good quality protin, vitamin and mineral deficiences, coronary heart disease
low-carb/high-fat:
- example
- summary/main components
- health consequences
- ketogenic diet
- high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet changing the way energy is used in the body
- acidosis, hypoglycemia, GI distress, dehydration, lethargy, kidney stones, dyslipidemia, decreased bone density
combination:
- example:
- summary/main components
- health consequences
- zone diet
- hromonal control (insulin, glucagon and eicosanoids) via a specific ratio of protein, CHO, and fat intake
- vitamin and mineral deficiencies
one-food:
- example
- summary/main components
- heatlh consequences
- grapefruit diet
- certain combiations of food with grapefruit and grapefruit juice, no sugary/starchy food allowed
- unbalanced nutrition, interfere with certain medication, risk for increase intake of saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol
formula:
- example
- summary/main components
- health consequences
- slim fast diet
- dietary supplements based on a drinkable meal replacement once or twice a day, each containing around 240 kcal
- low nutritional intake, low energy, weakness, risk for eating disorders
T/F
fad diets have nothing to do with cultural, regional, and ethnic diets (e.g. mediterranean diet)
True
advantages of low/restricted carb diets
- better blood sugar control for people with type II diabetes - no high glycemic index foods
- less likely to be hungry while on this diet
- will cause a substantial wieght loss - water weight
- 3 meals a day
- lower the consumption of refined sugar
- some recommend lean meats and trimming of fats off meats
disadvantages of low restricted carb diets
- is supported by testimonials no science
- lack in essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber
- low in dairy. cause constipation - metabolic dehydration
- can increase risk of
- heart disease
- high cholesterol
- diabetes
- strok
- certain kinds of cancer
- water imbalance, ketosis, appetite suppression, renal dysfunction, nausea, low performance capacity, dehydration, osteoporosis
advantages of low-fat diets:
- emphasizes nutrient-dense foods
- lower risk for disease- deits is low in total fat
- lower saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol
disadvantages of low-fat diets:
- little satiety
- flatulence
- possibly poor mineral absorption
- limited food choices
- difficult to maintain
- could become costly
- INSULIN RESISTANT
characteristics of therapeutic diets and supplements in cancer therapy
- run for short time
- follow figourous basic and clinical scientific research
- are experimental
- limited to a specific type of cancer, disease site, or subtype
- clinically monitored under strict regulation
- MOSTLY ADJUVANT TO THE STANDARD OF CARE (sugery, chemo, radiation)
- MOSTLY TARGET AND EXPLOIT METABOLIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CANCER AND NORMAL CELLS
- do not prevent cancer
- not part of the dietary recommendations for cancer patients
____ is great for moving electrons
oxygen
in eukaryotic cells, over 90% of ROS are produced by
mitochondria
ROS are generated via escaping of electrons from mitochondrial ETC mainly from coenzymeQ to molecular ____
oxygen
cellular antioxidants system
antioxidant enzymes
small molecular weight antioxidants
cancer cells appear to exist in a condition of metabolic ____ ____ characterized by increased steady-state levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide
this increase in ROS appears to be compensated for by increases in ____ and ____ metabolism
oxidative stress
glucose and hydroperoxide
the condition of metabolic stress in cancer cells may be the result of defects in
mitochondrial metabolism
if glucose metabolism in increased in cancer cells to compensate for excess hydroperoxide production from mitochondria respiration, then inhibiting ____ and ____ metabolism while forcing cells to derive erngery from respiration should preferentially kill cancer cells, relative to normal cells
glucose and hydroperoxide
ketogenic diet as adjuvant therapy:
- used to treat children with ____ ____
- original ketocal diet available in hospital ____
refractory epilepsy
pharmacies
nutrient as adjuvate therapy (vitamin C) aka pharmacological ascorbate:
- cancer cells demonstrate increased steady-state levels of mitochondrial superoxide that react with ____ bound to proteins
- vitamin C works as a ____ by reacting using Fe to autooxidize and results in production of ROS/free radicals
- evidence shows enhanced response to radiation and chemotherapy of cancer cells
- Fe
- pro-oxidant
metabolic oxidative stress appears to contribute to the selective sensitization of cancer vs normal cells to pharmacological ____ as well as ____ diets
ascorbate
ketogenic
