F2 - SEM2 - LDCs Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 benefits to LDCs on the global shift of manufacturing activities?

LDCs

A
  1. more job opportunities
  2. faster economic growth
  3. new technology transfer

LDCs

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2
Q

Explain why more job opportunities in LDCs after global shift of manufacturing activities

LDCs

A
  • factories are relocated to LDCs
  • brought many job opportunities

LDCs

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3
Q

What are the impacts to the factory worker in the LDCs?

A

more income
better standard of livings

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4
Q

Explain why faster economic growth in LDCs after the global shift of manufacturing activities

A

Income level of secondary industry rise
=> government collects more tax income
=> government improves infrastructure
=> attract more foreign investment
=> promote growth of other industries

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5
Q

What is multiplier effect?

A

industry developments bring multiple benefits and grow like a rolling snowball

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6
Q

Explain multiplier effects

A

Setup new factories
=> more jobs
=> attract more people
=> promote economic growth
=> more tax income for government
=> better infrastructure
=> attract more factories setup

All these attract other industries and investment

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7
Q

Explain what are the impacts of new technology transfer in LDC

A

raise skill level of local worker
=> improve production efficiency
=> boost industrial development

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8
Q

What are the 4 challenges in LDCs after the global shift of manufacturing activities?

A

labour exploitation
low profits
competition with local industries
environment pollution

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9
Q

Explain why labour exploitation happens in LDCs

A

lack of labour legislation and protection

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10
Q

Give examples how workers in LDCs are exploited

A

long working hour
poor working environment
child labour

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11
Q

What is a “sweatshop”?

A

factories with unacceptable conditions

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12
Q

Explain why factories in LDCs has low profits

A

factories in LDCs are only responsible for low-tech and low value-added manufacturing profit

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13
Q

Explain why local industries are less competitive

A

TNCs have more capitals, advance technology and better market strategies than local industries

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14
Q

Explain why environment pollution is found in LDCs

A

loose pollution control policies
=> attract more polluting industries relocated to LDCs

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15
Q

Give some examples of polluting industries

A

electroplating
bleaching
dyeing

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16
Q

Why these polluting industries cause pollution problems in LDCs

A

produces large amounts of sewages, toxic chemicals and wastes

17
Q

What can LDCs do to tackle the challenges?

A

improve labour protection
promote industrial restructuring
build own brand
tighten pollution control

18
Q

How to improve labour protection in LDCs?

A

pass new laws to protect labour welfare and rights
e.g. setup minimum wages, maximum working hours and inspect factories regularly

19
Q

How to promote industrial restructuring in LDCs?

A

develop high value-added industries and services industries
=> reduce reliance on traditional manufacturing
=> diversify the economy

20
Q

What is important in building own brands?

A

improve product design

21
Q

Why building own brands is so important?

A

enhance competitiveness of local product
=> increase profit

22
Q

How to tighten pollution control in LDCs?

A

setup laws to reduce industrial pollution
e.g. tighten emission standard of pollutants, penalise factories that break the law

23
Q

What else can be done in LDCs to reduce pollution?

A

build sewage collection facilities and treatment plan