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FSS - GEOGRAPHY > F2 - SEM1 - The Trouble of Water - BACKUP > Flashcards

F2 - SEM1 - The Trouble of Water - BACKUP Flashcards

1
Q

Water is driven by _____________ ?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water is driven by the energy of the sun

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2
Q

What is water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water move continuously between the oceans, atmosphere and land

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3
Q

What are the 7 processes in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A
  1. Evaporation
  2. Transpiration
  3. Condensation
  4. Precipitation
  5. Interception
  6. Infiltration
  7. Surface runoff
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4
Q

What is Evaporation in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water evaporates into water vapour

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5
Q

What is Transpiration in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water in plants turns into water vapour

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6
Q

What is Condensation in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water vapour condenses into water droplet and forming cloud

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7
Q

What is Precipitation in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water droplets become too heavy and fall to the ground, e.g. rain, snow

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8
Q

What is Interception in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

some water is intercepted by trees.

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9
Q

What is Infiltration in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

some water infiltrates into soil and become ground water

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10
Q

What is Surface runoff in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

some water on the ground as surface runoff

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11
Q

What is water resources?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

freshwater that is available for human use

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12
Q

What is the percentage of saltwater and freshwater on Earth?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A
  • 97% saltwater
  • 3% freshwater
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13
Q

Where does the freshwater comes from?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A
  • 68.7% ice caps and glacier
  • 30.1% ground water
  • 0.3% surface water
  • 0.9% others
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14
Q

What does surface water comes from?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A
  • 87% lakes
  • 11% swamps
  • 2% rivers
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15
Q

What is the percentage of all water is readily available for human use?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

0.01%

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16
Q

What are the 2 factors affect water resources per capita?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

rainfall and population size

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17
Q

How much water a person needs a year in order to survive?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

1700m3

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18
Q

What are the 3 major types of surface water resources in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A
  1. Rivers
  2. Lakes
  3. Glaciers
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19
Q

What are the 3 most important rivers in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A
  1. Chang Jiang
  2. Huang He
  3. Zhu Jiang
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20
Q

Which one is the largest river basin in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Chang Jiang Basin

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21
Q

How many freshwater lakes are there in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

1600

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22
Q

Where are most of the freshwater lakes located in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

East China

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23
Q

What are the 3 largest lakes in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A
  1. Dongting Hu
  2. Poyang Hu
  3. Tai Hu
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24
Q

Where are the glaciers found most in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Qingzhang plateau in western China

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25
Where does **ground water** come from? ## Footnote *2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China*
Rainwater infiltrated into the soil and stored in the aquif
26
How to **extract** ground water? ## Footnote *2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China*
Extracted through **wells** or by **pumping**
27
Which cities in China highly rely on ground water? ## Footnote *2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China*
Cities in the **North** **Beijing** **Tianjin**
28
How is the water resources distributed in China? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
**Unevenly** distributed **More in South, Less in North** => **River basins in the south are larger** and have **higher discharge**
29
What rank is China in total water resources? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
Rank **5th**
30
What is the main reason why the **water resources per capita in China is low**? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
Due to **large population**
31
How much water did a **person have in China** in **2018**? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
**2000**m3
32
Which part of **China has the most severe water shortage problem**? **How much water a person** in these cities had in **2020**? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
**Eastern China**, **Beijing**, **Tianjin** and **Shanghai** **500m3** in 2020
33
The **distribution** of water resources in China is closely related to _____? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
**Rainfall**
34
What are the 3 factors affected the distribution of water resources in China? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
**1. Monsoon system** **2. Distance from the sea** **3. Relief**
35
What is **Monsoons**? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**Winds that change directions seasonally**
36
How Monsoons are **formed**? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
Monsoons are formed by **differences in the heating of land and sea**
37
Where are the monsoon regions in China? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**Eastern and Southern of China**
38
How does monsoons affect water sources? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**a lot of rainfall** in monsoon region
39
How are monsoons formed in the **Summer**? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
* Duration of **isolation is long** * Intensity of **sunshine is high** * The **land absorbs heat faster** than the sea => **hot air rises** => form a **low-pressure area** * The **sea has lower temperature** => the **air to sink** => form a **high-pressure area** * **Wind blows from high pressure area to low pressure area** => form **SE and SW monsoons**
40
How are monsoons formed in the **Winter**? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
* Duration of **isolation is short** * Intensity of **sunshine is low** * The **land loses heat faster** than the sea => **cold air sink** => form a **high-pressure area**. * The **sea has high temperature** => the **air to rise** => form a **low-pressure area**. * **Winds blows from high pressure area to low pressure area** => form **NW monsoons**
41
How is the "distance from the sea" affect the water resources? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
Place located **closer to the sea** receive **more rainfall**
42
In summer, what bring **abundant rainfall** to the coastal regions in China? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**Onshore winds and typhoons**
43
What happens when the **wind gradually moves inland**? increase the distance from the sea ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
Wind **gradually loses moisture**
44
Which part in China has a **wetter climate**? Which part in China has a **drier climate**? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**Wetter** in **SE China** (near coastal) **Drier** in **NW China** (away from coastal)
45
Where are **high mountains** found mostly in China? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**Western China**
46
How the **Relief** affects the water distribution in China? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**High mountains block the moist onshore winds** blow from **Indian Ocean**. The **air becomes dry** when it **reaches NW China**.
47
Why **the water cycle in China changed** in the past few decades? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
**Rapid urban development** since **1980**
48
How does rapid urban development affect water cycle in China? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
increase the risk of **flooding**, **drought** and **water pollution**
49
How did Evaporation, Transpiration, Interception, Infiltration, Surface runoff and Groundwater change after urban development? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
* Evaporation: **less** * Transpiration: **less** * Interception: **less** * Infiltration: **less** * Surface runoff: **more** * Groundwater: **less**
50
Why does the amount of **Evaporation decrease** after urban development? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
The **reclamation of lakes** cause **fewer water bodies** in the city.
51
Why does **Transpiration decrease** after urban development? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
``` ```**Tree are cut down** on a large scale **reduced vegetation**. **Less water is transpired** from vegetation.
52
Why does **Interception decrease** after urban development? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
**Reduce vegetation cover** cause **less rainfall is intercepted before reaching the ground**
53
Why does **Infiltration decrease** after urban development? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
**Extensive impermeable concrete surfaces** **prevent water from infiltrating** into ths soil
54
Why does **surface runoff increase** after urban development? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
**decrease in infiltration** leads to rapid increase in surface runoff during **heavy rain**.
55
Why does **groundwater decrease** after urban development? ## Footnote *6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades*
**decrease in infiltration** causes groundwater **cannot be recharged**.
56
Wind blows from ____ pressure area to ____ pressure area ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
Blow from **high pressure area** to **low pressure area**
57
What does **onshore monsoon wind** bring? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**rainfall**
58
What does **offshore monsoon wind** bring? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**dry weather**
59
When does **onshore monsoon wind** develop? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
**Summer**
60
Based on the **amount of annual rainfall**, how many regions can be divided in China? ## Footnote *2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way*
* **Humid** region * **Semi-humid** region * **Semi-arid** region * **Arid** region
61
Where is the **Humid region** in China? ## Footnote 2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way
**South of Chang Jiang**
62
Where is the **Arid region** in China? ## Footnote 2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way
**NW inland areas** in China
63
Which region (Humid / Semi-humid / Semi-arid / Arid) is **Hong Kong** located? ## Footnote 2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way
**Humid** region
64
Which factor **determines the division of humid and dry regions in China**? ## Footnote 2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way
**The amount of annual rainfall**
65
The **water cycle** processes are **driven** by_______? ## Footnote *1.1 Where does water come from*
**The energy of the Sun**
66
What is **groundwater**? ## Footnote *1.1 Where does water from from*
**Water infiltrated** into the **soil**
67
What does **water resources** refer to? ## Footnote *1.1 Where does water from from*
**Freshwater that is available for human use**
68
In China, **freshwater** is mainly supplied by ____? The rest comes from ____? ## Footnote *2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China*
mainly from **surface water** the rest from **groundwater**
69
Where are the **glaciers** found in China? ## Footnote *2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China*
**Mountains regions** in the **West**
70
How **water resources are distributed** in China? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
**unevenly** distributed **more in South**, **less in North**
71
What is the reason mainly explains **the difference in water resources between southern and northern China**? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
**Higher rainfall in South than in North**
72
What was the water resources per capita in **eastern China in 2020**? ## Footnote *2.2 How are water resources distributed in China*
less than 500m3

FSS - GEOGRAPHY (38 decks)

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