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FSS - GEOGRAPHY > F2 - SEM1 - The Trouble of Water - BACKUP > Flashcards

F2 - SEM1 - The Trouble of Water - BACKUP Flashcards

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1
Q

Water is driven by _____________ ?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water is driven by the energy of the sun

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2
Q

What is water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water move continuously between the oceans, atmosphere and land

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3
Q

What are the 7 processes in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A
  1. Evaporation
  2. Transpiration
  3. Condensation
  4. Precipitation
  5. Interception
  6. Infiltration
  7. Surface runoff
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4
Q

What is Evaporation in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water evaporates into water vapour

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5
Q

What is Transpiration in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water in plants turns into water vapour

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6
Q

What is Condensation in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water vapour condenses into water droplet and forming cloud

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7
Q

What is Precipitation in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

water droplets become too heavy and fall to the ground, e.g. rain, snow

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8
Q

What is Interception in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

some water is intercepted by trees.

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9
Q

What is Infiltration in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

some water infiltrates into soil and become ground water

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10
Q

What is Surface runoff in water cycle?

1.1 Where does water come from?

A

some water on the ground as surface runoff

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11
Q

What is water resources?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

freshwater that is available for human use

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12
Q

What is the percentage of saltwater and freshwater on Earth?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A
  • 97% saltwater
  • 3% freshwater
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13
Q

Where does the freshwater comes from?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A
  • 68.7% ice caps and glacier
  • 30.1% ground water
  • 0.3% surface water
  • 0.9% others
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14
Q

What does surface water comes from?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A
  • 87% lakes
  • 11% swamps
  • 2% rivers
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15
Q

What is the percentage of all water is readily available for human use?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

0.01%

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16
Q

What are the 2 factors affect water resources per capita?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

rainfall and population size

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17
Q

How much water a person needs a year in order to survive?

1.2 How are global water resources distributed

A

1700m3

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18
Q

What are the 3 major types of surface water resources in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A
  1. Rivers
  2. Lakes
  3. Glaciers
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19
Q

What are the 3 most important rivers in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A
  1. Chang Jiang
  2. Huang He
  3. Zhu Jiang
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20
Q

Which one is the largest river basin in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Chang Jiang Basin

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21
Q

How many freshwater lakes are there in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

1600

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22
Q

Where are most of the freshwater lakes located in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

East China

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23
Q

What are the 3 largest lakes in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A
  1. Dongting Hu
  2. Poyang Hu
  3. Tai Hu
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24
Q

Where are the glaciers found most in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Qingzhang plateau in western China

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25
Q

Where does ground water come from?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Rainwater infiltrated into the soil and stored in the aquif

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26
Q

How to extract ground water?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Extracted through wells or by pumping

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27
Q

Which cities in China highly rely on ground water?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Cities in the North
Beijing
Tianjin

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28
Q

How is the water resources distributed in China?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

Unevenly distributed
More in South, Less in North => River basins in the south are larger and have higher discharge

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29
Q

What rank is China in total water resources?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

Rank 5th

30
Q

What is the main reason why the water resources per capita in China is low?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

Due to large population

31
Q

How much water did a person have in China in 2018?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

2000m3

32
Q

Which part of China has the most severe water shortage problem? How much water a person in these cities had in 2020?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

Eastern China, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai
500m3 in 2020

33
Q

The distribution of water resources in China is closely related to _____?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

Rainfall

34
Q

What are the 3 factors affected the distribution of water resources in China?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

1. Monsoon system
2. Distance from the sea
3. Relief

35
Q

What is Monsoons?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Winds that change directions seasonally

36
Q

How Monsoons are formed?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Monsoons are formed by differences in the heating of land and sea

37
Q

Where are the monsoon regions in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Eastern and Southern of China

38
Q

How does monsoons affect water sources?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

a lot of rainfall in monsoon region

39
Q

How are monsoons formed in the Summer?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A
  • Duration of isolation is long
  • Intensity of sunshine is high
  • The land absorbs heat faster than the sea => hot air rises => form a low-pressure area
  • The sea has lower temperature => the air to sink => form a high-pressure area
  • Wind blows from high pressure area to low pressure area => form SE and SW monsoons
40
Q

How are monsoons formed in the Winter?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A
  • Duration of isolation is short
  • Intensity of sunshine is low
  • The land loses heat faster than the sea => cold air sink => form a high-pressure area.
  • The sea has high temperature => the air to rise => form a low-pressure area.
  • Winds blows from high pressure area to low pressure area => form NW monsoons
41
Q

How is the “distance from the sea” affect the water resources?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Place located closer to the sea receive more rainfall

42
Q

In summer, what bring abundant rainfall to the coastal regions in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Onshore winds and typhoons

43
Q

What happens when the wind gradually moves inland? increase the distance from the sea

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Wind gradually loses moisture

44
Q

Which part in China has a wetter climate? Which part in China has a drier climate?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Wetter in SE China (near coastal)
Drier in NW China (away from coastal)

45
Q

Where are high mountains found mostly in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Western China

46
Q

How the Relief affects the water distribution in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

High mountains block the moist onshore winds blow from Indian Ocean.
The air becomes dry when it reaches NW China.

47
Q

Why the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

Rapid urban development since 1980

48
Q

How does rapid urban development affect water cycle in China?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

increase the risk of flooding, drought and water pollution

49
Q

How did Evaporation, Transpiration, Interception, Infiltration, Surface runoff and Groundwater change after urban development?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A
  • Evaporation: less
  • Transpiration: less
  • Interception: less
  • Infiltration: less
  • Surface runoff: more
  • Groundwater: less
50
Q

Why does the amount of Evaporation decrease after urban development?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

The reclamation of lakes cause fewer water bodies in the city.

51
Q

Why does Transpiration decrease after urban development?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

~~~

```Tree are cut down on a large scale reduced vegetation. Less water is transpired from vegetation.

52
Q

Why does Interception decrease after urban development?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

Reduce vegetation cover cause less rainfall is intercepted before reaching the ground

53
Q

Why does Infiltration decrease after urban development?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

Extensive impermeable concrete surfaces prevent water from infiltrating into ths soil

54
Q

Why does surface runoff increase after urban development?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

decrease in infiltration leads to rapid increase in surface runoff during heavy rain.

55
Q

Why does groundwater decrease after urban development?

6.1 How has the water cycle in China changed in the past few decades

A

decrease in infiltration causes groundwater cannot be recharged.

56
Q

Wind blows from ____ pressure area to ____ pressure area

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Blow from high pressure area to low pressure area

57
Q

What does onshore monsoon wind bring?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

rainfall

58
Q

What does offshore monsoon wind bring?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

dry weather

59
Q

When does onshore monsoon wind develop?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Summer

60
Q

Based on the amount of annual rainfall, how many regions can be divided in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A
  • Humid region
  • Semi-humid region
  • Semi-arid region
  • Arid region
61
Q

Where is the Humid region in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

South of Chang Jiang

62
Q

Where is the Arid region in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

NW inland areas in China

63
Q

Which region (Humid / Semi-humid / Semi-arid / Arid) is Hong Kong located?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

Humid region

64
Q

Which factor determines the division of humid and dry regions in China?

2.3 Why are the water resources in China distributed in such a way

A

The amount of annual rainfall

65
Q

The water cycle processes are driven by_______?

1.1 Where does water come from

A

The energy of the Sun

66
Q

What is groundwater?

1.1 Where does water from from

A

Water infiltrated into the soil

67
Q

What does water resources refer to?

1.1 Where does water from from

A

Freshwater that is available for human use

68
Q

In China, freshwater is mainly supplied by ____? The rest comes from ____?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

mainly from surface water
the rest from groundwater

69
Q

Where are the glaciers found in China?

2.1 What are the major types of water resources in China

A

Mountains regions in the West

70
Q

How water resources are distributed in China?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

unevenly distributed
more in South, less in North

71
Q

What is the reason mainly explains the difference in water resources between southern and northern China?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

Higher rainfall in South than in North

72
Q

What was the water resources per capita in eastern China in 2020?

2.2 How are water resources distributed in China

A

less than 500m3

FSS - GEOGRAPHY (38 decks)

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