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Biostatistics & Epidemiology > (F) Introduction to Surveillance > Flashcards

(F) Introduction to Surveillance Flashcards

1
Q

Diverse, includes other diseases (communicable and noncommunicable disease, emergency, injuries, and other health threats)

A

A Public Health Approach

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2
Q

what are the 4 general steps in a Public health approach

A
  1. What is the Problem? (Surveillance)
  2. What is the Cause? (Risk Factor Identification)
  3. What Works? (Intervention Evaluation)
  4. How do you do it? (Implementation)
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3
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

What is the problem ::

A

Surveillance

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4
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

What is the cause ::

A

Risk Factor Identification

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5
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

What works ::

A

Intervention Evaluation

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6
Q

General step of Public Health Apporach

How do you do it? ::

A

Implementation

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7
Q

In implementing the Public health approach, what are the components?

A
  • Public Health
  • Prevention Effectiveness
  • Epidemiology
  • Laboratory
  • Informatics
  • Surveillance
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8
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

economic informaiton to come up with a decision

A

Prevention Effectiveness

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9
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

determine diseases and their movement

A

Epidemiology

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10
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

test to confirm diagnosis and training

A

Laboratory

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11
Q

Implementation, The use of Science

collecting, compiling, and presenting information (electronically)

A

Informatics

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12
Q

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

A

Public Health Surveillance

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13
Q

The ______ , __________, ________, and ________ of health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

A
  • Ongoing
  • Systematic Collection
  • Analysis
  • Interpretation
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14
Q

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to ____, ________, and ________ of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

A
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
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15
Q

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the____________ ________of these data to those responsible for ________ and _________

A
  • Timely Dissemination
  • Prevention
  • Control
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16
Q

What are the keywords associated with Public Health Surveillance?

A
  • Systematic
  • Ongoing
  • Collection
  • Analysis
  • Interpretation
  • Dissemination
  • Health-related data
  • Linked to public health practice

Just familliarize babes

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17
Q

Provide information that can be used for health action by public health personnel, government leaders, and the public to guide public health policy and programs

A

Goal of Public Health Surveillance

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18
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Identify patients and their contacts for ________ and ________

A

Treatment and Intervention

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19
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Detect ________, health problems, changes in health behaviors

A

Epidemics

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20
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Estimate ________ and ________ of health problems

A

Magnitude and Scope

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21
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Measure ________ and ________ disease

A

Trends and Characterize

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22
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Monitor changes in ________ and ________ agents

A

Infectious and Environmental

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23
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses

Assess effectiveness of programs and _______ _______

A

control measures

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24
Q

Public Health Surveillance Role and Uses - T or F

Develop hypotheses and sedate research

A

F (Stimulate not sedate)

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25
Q

use this card to familliarize PUBLIC HEALTH HEADLINES

A
  • Whooping Cough Kills Five in California; State Declares an Epidemic
  • New CDC Report Shows Adult Obesity Growing or Holding Steady in All States
  • Increase Seen in Deaths from Pneumonia and Flu
  • Number of Rare E. Coli Cases In U.S. Rose Last Year
  • Percentage of New Yorkers Lighting Up is Down to 14%
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26
Q

In the example of “number of rare E. Coli Cases in US Rose lat year” what was the factor that detected the increase of this?

A

surveillance system!

check my traanses pooks

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27
Q

What is the act under the public health surveillance legal basis?

A

Republic Act No. 11332

Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act

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28
Q

Republic Act No. 11332 alternative title

A

Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act

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29
Q

This Act provide for policies and prescribing procedures on surveillance and response to notifiable diseases, epidemics, and health events of public health concern, and appropriating funds therefor

A

Republic Act No. 11332

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30
Q

State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems

T or F – It is mandated by law?

A

True

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31
Q

State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems

Who are required to report cases to Local Health Department (LHD)?

A
  • Health Care Providers
  • Hospitals
  • Laboratories
    *
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32
Q

State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems

usually responsible for case investigation and action, when theres already report given

A

Local Health Department (LHD)

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33
Q

State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems

The LHD forwards the disease report to the?

A

state health department

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34
Q

State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems

after the State Health Department receive the disease report from LHD, what are the SHD ought to do?

A

assists the LHD as needed

35
Q

What are the types of Public Health Surveillance?

A
  • Passive Surveillance
  • Active Surveillance
  • Laboratory Surveillance
  • Sentinel Surveillance
  • Syndromic Surveillance
36
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

  • Diseases are reported by health care providers
  • Simple and inexpensive
  • Limited by incompleteness of reporting and variability of quality
A

Passive Surveillance

37
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

  • Health agencies contact health providers seeking reports
  • Ensures more complete reporting of conditions
  • Used in conjunction with specific epidemiologic investigation
A

Active Surveillance

38
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

T OR F

Most routine relies on passive surveillance

39
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Health care providers, hospitals, and laboratories initiative of reporting the disease and health department just waits for the report

A

Passive Surveillance

40
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Hygience Clinics – the commerical sex workers usually have them examined for STD’s, and the laborotory would be detecting them

A

Laboratory surveillance

41
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Reporting of health events by health professionals who are selected to represent a geographic area or a specific reporting group

A

Sentinel Surveillance

42
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Focuses on one or more symptoms rather than a physician-diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed disease

A

Syndromic Surveillance

43
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Follow-ups are necessary because a symptom/s does not gurantee that disease and need to be

A

Syndromic Surveillance

44
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Who is the active participant in Passive Surveillance

A

Health Care Providers - they only report

45
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Who is the active participant in Active Surveillance

A

Health Agencies - they contact first hand conditions

46
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Who is the active participant in Sentinel Surveillance

A

A representative from a geographic area or specific reporting group

47
Q

Types of Public Health Surveillance

What is the main difference of syndromic surveillance to others?

A

It focuses on one or more symptoms

48
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How useful is the system in accomplishing its objectives?

A

Usefulness

49
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How reliable are the available data?

A

Data quality

50
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How complete and accurate are data fields in the reports received by the system?

A

Data quality

51
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How quickly are reports received?

A

Timeliness

52
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How quickly can the system adapt to changes?

A

Flexibility

53
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How easy is the system’s operation?

A

Simplicity

54
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

Does the surveillance system work well?

55
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

Does it break down often?

56
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How well does it capture the intended cases?

A

Sensitivity

57
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How many of the reported cases meet the case definition?

A

Predictive value positive

58
Q

Surveillance System Attributes - T or F

More sensitive system = Higher Predictive value positive

A

False (Lower predictive value positive)

59
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How good is the system at representing the population under surveillance?

A

Representativeness

60
Q

Surveillance System Attributes

How easy is the system’s operation?

A

Acceptability

61
Q

Steps in the Surveillance Process:

A
  • Data Collection
  • Data Analysis
  • Data Interpretation
  • Data Dissemination
  • Link to Action
62
Q

Steps in the Surveillance Process:

Before collecting data, decide on the overarching goal of the system

A

Data Collection

63
Q

use this to familliarize

Data Sources for Public Health Surveillance

A
  • Reported diseases or syndromes
  • Electronic health records (e.g., hospital discharge data)
  • Vital records (e.g., birth and death certificates)
  • Registries (e.g., cancer, immunization)
  • Surveys (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES])
64
Q

Data Collection

→ Internationally Notifiable Diseases

In notifiable disease, where do we report?

65
Q

What are the internationally Notifiable Diseases

A
  • Smallpox
  • Poliomyelitis (wild type)
  • Human influenza caused by any new subtype
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
66
Q

Steps in the Surveillance Process:

Who will analyze the data?
What methodology will they use?
How often will they analyze the data?

A

Data Analysis

67
Q

Data Analysis

Contains descriptive information:

A
  • Time
  • Place
  • Person
68
Q

under data analysis what are the other analytic can be used to

A
  • Data analysis by TIME (uses week)
  • Surveillance Data Analysis by Place
  • Data Analysis by Person
69
Q

if u see this card

A

Study the examples under data analysis there are 3

70
Q

T or F

Data interpretation is closely threesome with data analysis

A

F (Coupled)

71
Q

Steps in the Surveillance Process:

By identifying person, place and time, you can determine how and when the cases HAPPENED

A

Data Interpretation

72
Q

in the example under the data interpretation, why the cases is dumami?

A

Because of the laboratory detection, the key was data interpretaion

73
Q

In data dissemination, what agencies need the data?

A
  • Health agency newsletters, bulletins, or alerts
  • Surveillance summaries and reports
  • Medical and epidemiologic journal articles
  • Press releases and social media
74
Q

In data dissemination,who are the target audience?

A
  • Public health practitioners
  • Clinicians and other health care providers
  • Policy and other decision makers
  • Community organizations
  • The general public
75
Q

Steps in the Surveillance Process

Public health surveillance should always have a

A

Link to action

76
Q

TOF

Under link to action, Monitor trends and patterns in disease, risk factors, and agents

77
Q

if u see this card,

A

study the example applying the concept of link to action thanks

refer to my trans for explanation per example

78
Q

Public Health Surveillance-Based Action

Describe the burden of or potential for ______

79
Q

Public Health Surveillance-Based Action

Monitor ________ and ________ in disease, risk factors, and agents

A

Trends and Pattern

80
Q

Public Health Surveillance-Based Action

Detect ________ ________ in disease occurrence and distribution

A

sudden changes

81
Q

Public Health Surveillance-Based Action

Provide ____ for programs, policies, and priorities

82
Q

Public Health Surveillance-Based Action

________ prevention and control efforts

A

evaluATE

yeah, she ate

83
Q

raa

A

“If walang action WAG GAGAWIN BALIEW” – POLLY CHUA

Biostatistics & Epidemiology (18 decks)

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