(F) Demography Flashcards
The empirical, statistical and mathematical study of human population
Demography
The scientific study of human populations with respect to size, structure and development
Demography
what are the three foci of demography?
- Population size
- Composition of the population
- Distribution of the population
Demography - T or F
The mathematical and statistical study of the size composition and spatial distribution of alien populations
F - Human
what are the five aspects hrough the operation of Demography:
- Fertility – increase in birth
- Mortality – death
- Migration – in and out migration
- Marriage
- Social Mobility – relationship with migration
Uses of Demography - T or F
To determine the number and distribution of a population in a certain area for planning, priority setting and for purposes of fund allocation.
True
Uses of Demography - T or F
To determine growth (or decline) and dispersal of population in the past.
True
Uses of Demography - T or F
To establish a “causal relationship” between population trends and various aspects of neighbour organization
F - Social Organization
Uses of Demography - T or F
To predict past developments and their possible consequences
F - Future
Uses of Demography - T or F
Serves as numerators for health indicators
F - denominator
Uses of Demography - T or F
Setting up targets of coverage of activities;
True
Uses of Demography - T or F
Setting up norms for assignment of health facilities / staff / funds
True
Enumerate the tools of demography
- Counts
- Ratio
- Proportion
- Rates
Tool of Demography
absolute numbers of a population or any demographic event occurring over a specified period, area and time
Counts
Tools of Demography
A single number that represents the relative size of two numbers
Ratio
Tools of Demography
Special type of ratio in which the numerator is part of the denominator
Proportion
Tools of Demography
Measures the amount of change (no. Of new events) in a given period of time
Rates
Sources of Demographic Data
- Census
- Sample Surveys
- Vital Registration Systems
- Continuing Population Registers
- Other Sources
Sources of Demographic Data
the total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining to all persons in the country at specified time.
Census
Census
Assigns individuals to the place of their usual residence regardless of where they were actually enumerated during the census
De jure method
Census
Where people are allocated to the areas where they were physically present at the census date regardless of where they usually live.
Births, Deaths, and Marriages
De facto method
Sources of Demographic Data
where demographic information is obtained based on a sample of the population
Sample Surveys
Sources of Demographic Data
Continuously record vital events like births, adoptions, deaths, marriages and annulments
Vital registration systems
Sources of Demographic Data
Provide continuously updated on particular events that occur to each individual and selected characteristics of this individual
Continuing Population registers
Sources of Demographic Data
Voter’s registration, School enrolment, income tax returns
Other Sources
Features of a National Census
familiarize or kabisado
- Sponsorship – usually government agency
- Definite coverage – definite areas
- Universality – all members of the population should be counted without omissions or duplications
- Simultaneity – with only one reference date
- With provisions for compilation and publication
Information Obtained in a Census
familiarize or kabisado
- Geographic - Region, province, municipality/ city, barangay (village)
- Household or family information - no. of households; no. of household members
- Personal characteristics - Sex, age, marital status, place of birth, citizenship
Components of Demography
Pertains to:
* Actual population size
* Changes or trends in population size
Population Size
Components of Demography
Affected by natality, mortality and migration
Population Size
Components of Demography
Refers to the location of the population in geographic subdivisions of a given area
Distribution of the Population
Components of Demography
Pertains to measurable characteristics of the population
Population Composition
Describing the Population Composition
- Sex Composition
- Age Composition
- Age and Sex Composition
Sex Composition
Compares the number of males to the number of females
Sex Ratio
sex ratio
what does >100 and <100 means in the sex ratio?
> 100 - More Males
<100 - More Females
Sex Composition
Compares the sex ratio across different categories/ levels of another characteristic
Sex Structure
Age Composition
- The value which cuts-off the upper 50% and lower 50% of the ages of the population
- It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population.
- Indicates whether the population is young or old
Median Age
Age Composition
Provides an index of age-induced economic drain on manpower resources
Age-Dependency Ratio
Three types of age dependency ratio:
- Youth
- Elderly
- Total
All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100
study the formula under Age Composition
lmao
all of it
Age Composition
Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group.
Age-dependency Ratio
Age Composition
Some portion of the population counted as “working age” may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the “dependent” population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.
Age-dependency Ratio
what are the assumptions made in age-dependency ratio?
- 0-15 (0-14) and 65 and up (≥60) years are economically unproductive
- 6-64 (15-59) years are economically productive
Factors Affecting Age Composition
Familiarize or kabisado kaw bahala
- Fertility – high fertility → young population
- Urban – rural differences
* urban generally older than rural - Peace and order situation – e.g. War
- Cultural practices
- age at marriage
- age pattern of childbearing
Age and Sex Composition
A graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population
Also enables one to explain and describe the demographic trends of the population in the past
- Population Pyramid
Types of population pyramid?
- Expansive
- Constrictive
- Stationary
Population Pyramid
pyramid with a wide base
Expansive
Population Pyramid
It suggests a growing population
Expansive
Population Pyramid
pyramid with a narrow base
Constrictive
Population Pyramid
with a somewhat equal proportion of the in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing,
Stationary
Review the constructing a population pyramid
its allat
Determinants of the Sex Composition of a Population
familiarize or kabisado
- Sex ratio at birth
- Differences between sexes in death rates
- Geographic, economic conditions
- Occupation
- Differences between sexes in net migration rates
Some Generalization of the Sex Composition of a Population
go over it thanks its allat
Consequences of Age and Sex Structure
- Consumption Patterns
- Death Rate
- Rates and patterns of migration
- Probabilities of marriage for men and women
- Power structure
Is the average number of years a newly born infant is expected to live under the mortality conditions for a given year.
Life Expectancy at birth
- Derived from the life-tables
- Calculated separately for males and females since mortality rates differ between sexes
Life Expectancy at birth
Population Estimation
Tools for Measuring Changes in Population Size
- Natural Increase
- Rate of Natural Increase
- Relative increase
- Absolute increase per year (b)
- Annual rate of growth (r)
Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size
the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths which occurred
Natural Increase
Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size
the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate of a specific population within a specified time period, usually a year
Rate of Natural Increase
Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size
measures the average number of people added to the population each year
Absolute increase per year (b)
Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size
the actual difference (i.e., the absolute increase) between two census counts expressed in percent of the initial population size
Relative Increase
Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size
Also utilizes results of two census counts to quantify the amount of change in population size during a specified time period.
Annual Rate of Growth
Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size
Assumes that the population is increasing at a constant rate per year.
Annual Rate of Growt
lol review all the formulas and examples for
Tools for Describing Changes in Population Size
its too much
Types of Estimates and Projections
- According to detail desired
- According to time reference
- According to method (or assumption) used
Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used
also known as the balancing equation
Component method or Inflow – Outflow Method
review the formula
Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used
assumes an equal amount of increase every year
Arithmetic Method
review the formula
Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used
assumes that the population increase (or decreases) at the same rate over each unit of time, e.g. Each year
Geometric Method
review the formula
Types of Estimates According to Assumptions used
assumes a constant rate of increase (or decrease) and the population is increasing continuously, i.e., a constant rate of change is applied at every infinitesimal amount of time
Exponential Method
review the formula
Types of projection / Estimation Problems
Familiairze or kabisado, up to u
- Estimation of an Earlier Population (Po)
- Estimation of Future Population (Pt)
- Estimation of the Absolute Increase/decrease per year (b), or constant rate of growth/ decline (r)
- Estimation of the amount of time (t) it takes for a population to reach a certain number, (Pt)
- Estimation of doubling time (t*)
if u see this card
well ur fucked up
Classification of Estimate/ Time estimate
Estimate on Any date intermediate to 2 censuses and take the result of these census into account
Intercensal Estimates
Classification of Estimate/ Time estimate
Estimate On any date in the past or during current date following a census, uses recent and earilier census in account but not later censuses
Postcensal Estimates
Classification of Estimate/ Time estimate
Estimaate made on any date following the last cenus for which no current reports are available
Projections
