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Biostatistics & Epidemiology > Data Presentation > Flashcards

Data Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

→ Part of descriptive statistics – Sumamrizing and presenting data
→ Purpose – presenting the data and result when research is done

A

Data Presentation

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2
Q

3 types of Data Presentation?

A
  • Narrative (Textual)
  • Tabular
  • Graphical
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3
Q

T or F

is it possible to use and combine different type to present data?

A

T

Can be used combination of any (e.g. narrative, tabular)

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4
Q

Three Types of Data Usually Tabulated

A
  • Frequency Distribution
  • Correlation Data
  • Time Series Data
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5
Q

T or F

in every table, narrative, or graphical, there is a equal or possible graphical representation?

A

T

yung data na ginagamit sa graphical rep, came from table, narrative,

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6
Q

if u see this card

A

Familliarize urself with the simple exampe for narrative and table

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7
Q

Narrative - T or F

Narrative form takes a lot to decipher?

A

T

Too many letters or words

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8
Q

Narrative - T or F

Narrative are for longer summaries

A

F

its only for short summaries!

TOO long will not take the gist, i table na

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9
Q

Reason for Tabulation ?

A

Data are tabulated to make them easier to understand

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10
Q

Tabulation - T or F

it is not organized, but concise and compact

A

F

it is Organized, Concise, abd compact when there a lot of data

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11
Q

Datas are grouped according to some scale of classification, where the sum of the entries is equal to the total.

A

Frequency Distribution

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12
Q

Freq. DIstribution - T or F

There is a no characteristic to be categorized?

A

F

need ma-categorize

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13
Q

Freq. DIstribution

The figures may either be in ?

A
  • actual numbers
  • in percent
  • or in both
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14
Q

Freq. Distribution

what are the scales used?

A
  • Qualitative
  • Quantitative
  • BOTH
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15
Q

Freq. Distribution

when classifying qualitative scale, what should you do?

A

an individual is put into one or another part of the scale according to some more or less readily recognizable attribute or characteristic

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16
Q

Freq. Distribution

in QUALI the presentation of data in table should be?

A

highest to lowest

In the data MALE nauna (exception to the rules) if SEX categ

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17
Q

Freq. Distribution - T or F

The 2 tables can be expressed in percent and the data will still be of the frequency distribution type

A

T

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18
Q

Freq. Distribution - T or F

The two qualitative scales can be combined and the result will still be a frequency distribution.

A

T

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19
Q

one way table is for?

A

1 categorical variable

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20
Q

a visual representation of the possible relationships between two sets of categorical data.

A

Two-way frequency tables

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21
Q

give me some examples of QUALI scale

A
  • age
  • weight
  • blood pressure
  • scores
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22
Q

Freq. Distribution - T or F

When classifying according to a quantitative scale, the individual is assigned to a number in accordance with some measuring device.

A

T

may mag memeasure daoat

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23
Q

T OR F

IN DATA IT IS IMPORTANT TO OVERLAP!

A

F

to not overlap!

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24
Q

when do we use multiple response table?

A

if the answers is more thant the sample population

may choices sila and can pick one or more okay? okay

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25
Q

Used to compare two or more frequencies.

A

Correlation Data

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26
Q

Simple presentation without attempts to present rates or ratios make the data a pure frequency distribution.

A

Correlation Data

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27
Q

If rates or ratios are calculated and included in the table, summation of rows or columns will not give the total

hence the data lose their frequency nature but the table offers a better

A

Correlation Data

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28
Q

is there a total row or columns in a correlation data?

A

wala, only talks about correlations!

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29
Q

Variable changes over a period of time is the ones being presented

A

Time Series

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30
Q

What are the variable under TIME SEIRES?

A

TIME

it changes can be year, month, etc as long it tells movement of time

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31
Q

The process of tabulation is a process of ?

A

Classification

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32
Q

When using tabulation, what is the sequence?

A

ORDERLY

kayya concise and compact ang table

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33
Q

Enumerate the parts of a table

A
  1. Table No.
  2. Title
  3. (Headnotes)
  4. Row and Column Headings
  5. Stubs
  6. Cell
  7. Body of the table
  8. Footnotes
  9. Source
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34
Q

identify the element of the table

  • The word table should be capitalized
  • Arabic numbers
  • If related, use the decimals – e.g. 7.2, 7.3
A

Table no.

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35
Q

identify the element of the table

Uses dash (-) before the Title not PERIOD

A

Title

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36
Q

identify the element of the table

it should contain:
* WHAT
* WHERE
* WHEN

A

Title

this should answer the questions

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37
Q

identify the element of the table

  • First letter of the important words are capitalized
  • If 2 lines, should be indented to appear inverted pyramid
A

Title

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38
Q

identify the element of the table

this is used to clarify something in the title

Mostly unit of measurement

A

Headnote

nasa luob ng parenthesis and called secondary caption

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39
Q

identify the element of the table

Basis for their classification

A

Row and Column Headings

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40
Q

identify the element of the table

To clarify the contents of the table

A

Footnotes

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41
Q

identify the element of the table

If borrowed, there should be acknowledgment

A

Source

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42
Q

if u see this card

A

kindly go over the Sample of a Frequency Distribution Table for Ungrouped and grouped Data

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43
Q

Guides for Frequency Tables

Be sure that the classes are

A

mutually exclusive

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44
Q

Guides for Frequency Tables - T or F

Include all classes, even if the frequency is zero

A

T

Still include the classification

45
Q

Guides for Frequency Tables

Try to use the same - - - - - for all classes

A

width

46
Q

Guides for Frequency Tables - T or F

Select convenient numbers for class limits

A

T

47
Q

Guides for Frequency Tables

Uses how many classes

A

Between 5 and 20 classes

48
Q

Guides for Frequency Tables - T or F

The sum of the class frequencies must equal the number of original data values.

A

T

49
Q

if u see this card

A

kindly familiarize constructin a Frequency table

maam skipped this sa lecture

50
Q

Questions asked to Appraise a Table

What is the ____ of the table?

A

objective

51
Q

Questions asked to Appraise a Table

Does the ____ convey this objective?

A

Title

52
Q

Questions asked to Appraise a Table

Are the columns and rows properly ____ ?

A

Labeled

53
Q

Questions asked to Appraise a Table

Are all the data in the table pertinent to the ____ and ____ ?

A

objective and cross-classified properly

54
Q

Questions asked to Appraise a Table

Are there many empty cells? if yes what should you do?

A

If a lot of zero, lump together adjacent categories

55
Q

Questions asked to Appraise a Table

Is it clear to what the ____ refer?

A

totals

56
Q

Brains absorbs VISUAL better than narrative

A

Graphical Presentation

57
Q

Whenever verbal problems involving a certain situation is presented visually, it makes it easier for the reader to understand the problem and attempt its solution

A

Graphical Presentation

58
Q

imilarly, when the data are presented pictorially (or graphically) before the learners, it makes the presentation?

A

eye-catching and more intelligible

easily see the salient features of the data and interpret them

59
Q

What can you see in a statistical graph?

A

either
* Series of lines joined together
* Bars
* Enclosed Areas

drawn to represent certain statistical information under the consideration

60
Q

The purpose is to convey a simpler idea of what the statistical table contains

A

Graphical Presentation

61
Q

Graphical Presentation

Like tables, graphs are intended for comparison, to show any correlation, or simply for the purpose of?

A

Data Presentation

62
Q

Graphical Representation - T or F

Simpler to “read”, conveys ideas faster and more forcefully

A

T

63
Q

Graphical Presentation

Large, complex masses of data can be presented in a simpler language such that?

A

significant trends or patterns

which could otherwise be missed in tables, can be made to standout more clearly

64
Q

Graphical Representation - T or F

The real “meat” of reports, however, lies in the statistical tables.

meat = content

A

True

There is NO alternative to tables when large sets of detailed information is required.

65
Q

Graphical Presentation

The choice of the particular form of graph to be used is often a matter of?

A

Personal Preference

pero depende sa data, if quali or quanti okay? okay

66
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs - T OR F

The simplest type of graph consistent with its purpose is the most effective.

A

T

No more lines or symbols should be used in a single graph than the eye can easily follow.

67
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs

Every graph should be completely

A

Self-explanatory

68
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs - T or F

it should be correctly labelled as to title, source, scales and explanatory keys or legends

A

True

69
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs - T or F

The position of the title for a graph is one of personal choice.

A

True

but in published graphs, sa baba dapat

70
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs

When more than one variable is shown on a graph, each should be?

A

clearly differentiated by means of legends or keys.

71
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs - T or F

No more coordinate lines should be shown than are necessary to guide the eye.

A

T

72
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs - T or F

Scale lines should be drawn lighter than other coordinate lines.

A

F

HEAVIER, sila kasi basis the x-axis

73
Q

General Principles in Constructing Graphs - T or F

Frequency is generally represented on the vertical scale, with method of classification on the horizontal

A

T

74
Q

What are the types of GRAPHS

A
  • Bar Graph
  • Pie Graph
  • Component Bar
  • Histogram
  • Line Graph
75
Q

Most Popular graph

A

Pie Graph

76
Q

is pie graph recommend for MULTIPLE RESPONSE?

A

No

77
Q

How many variables are there in a pie graph

A

3-5 only

78
Q

what is the data arrangement of Pie graph?

A

HIGHEST TO LOWEST PERCENTAGE

start at 12 oclock - clockwise or unclock pwede

79
Q

this is same as to pig graph but you compare 2 data

A

component bar

side by side

80
Q

should there be a legend in a component bar?

A

ye

kasi 2 data, kaya meron dapat para di nakakalito

81
Q

Counter-part of time series table

A

Line Graph

82
Q

Scatter Diagram

the projection is up to right

pataas pero pa right - from (0,0) point not necessarilt sa (0,0)

A

A Positive Relationship

83
Q

Scatter Diagram

what is the projection of a negative Relationship?

A

Down projection

Upper y axis to lower x axis

84
Q

the points in scatter diagram are kalat

scattered nga eh

A

No Apparent Relationship

85
Q

What are the parts of Graphs?

A
  1. Title
  2. Axis
  3. Legen
  4. Body of a graph
86
Q

Identify which part of graph by the element

FIGURE No. or FIG. NO.

A

Title

87
Q

Identify which part of graph by the element

  • Vertical or Horizontal axis
  • Each represents separate scales of classification
A

Axis

88
Q

Identify which part of graph by the element

If there are a number of trend lines or curves in the chart, they should be properly identified by labels or legend

A

Legend

89
Q

For comparison of absolute or relative counts, rates, etc. between categories of a discrete quantitative variable

Qualitative din

A

Bar Graph /Chart/ Diagram
(horizontal or vertical)

90
Q

Shows the breakdown of a group or total where the number of categories is not too many

A

Pie Chart

91
Q

what are the variable for pie chart?

A

Qualitative

92
Q

Shows the breakdown of a group or total where the number of categories is not too many

same as pie graph!

A

Component bar diagram / chart

Variable - qualitative

93
Q

Graphic presentation of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable or measurement including age groups

Varibale: Continous QUantitative

A

Histogram

94
Q

Graphic presentation of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable or measurement including age groups

Varibale: QUantitative

A

Frequency polygon

95
Q

Shows trend data or changes with time or age with respect to some other variable

A

Line Diagram

96
Q

displays dramatic geographical changes

A

The Statistical Map

97
Q

if u see this card

A

Familairze yourself with the concept of the statiscal map using the samples

98
Q

Graphs not only quickly inform us; they can also quickly?

A

Deceive us

99
Q

Deceives us in a way that it stretched the graph so it shows “skyrocketing” the distance is not proper

A

Shrinking an Stretching the Axes: Visual Confusion

check niyo sample here

100
Q
  • The drawing was just bigger, deceives us with the visual
  • If we see something big we usually correlates it with it more bigger data
A

Distortions with Picture Graphs

101
Q

Why use charts and graphs? - Lose or Gain

ability to examine numeric detail offered by a table

A

Lose

102
Q

Why use charts and graphs? - Lose or Gain

ability to direct readers’ attention to one aspect of the evidence

A

Gain

103
Q

Why use charts and graphs? - Lose or Gain

ability to reach readers who might otherwise be intimidated by the same data in a tabular format

A

Gain

104
Q

Why use charts and graphs? - Lose or Gain

potentially the ability to see additional relationships within the data

A

Lose

105
Q

Why use charts and graphs? - Lose or Gain

potentially time: often we get caught up in selecting colors and formatting charts when a simply formatted table is sufficient

A

Lose

106
Q

Why use charts and graphs? - Lose or Gain

ability to focus on bigger picture rather than perhaps minor technical details

A

Gain

107
Q

if u see this card

A

go over the exercises that we practices during lecture

108
Q
A

Biostatistics & Epidemiology (18 decks)

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