F ... 23 - Angiosperms

Question 1

angiosperms

Answer 1

flowering plants
largest phylum of photosynthetic plants
greatly diverse

Question 2

angiosperm char

Answer 2

flowering / seed plants
vascular plants
sporophyte dom
heterosporous
pollen tube (no flagellate sperm)
endosperm via dbl fert
seed prod in fruit

Question 3

angiosperms divided based on what?

Answer 3

two groups, # cotyledons

- moncots (1), eudicots (2)

Question 4

monocot char

Answer 4

one cotyledon
parallel venation
complex vascular bundle arrangement
fibrous roots
floral parts in threes
pollen with one pore / furrow

Question 5

eudicot char

Answer 5

two cotyledons
netlike venation
ringed vascular bundles
taproot
floral parts in fours, fives
pollen with three pores / furrows

Question 6

fert in angiosperms

Answer 6

pollen lands on stigma then produces pollen tube
pollen tube reaches embryo sac
dbl fert -> zygote and endosperm

Question 7

double fert

Answer 7

one sperm nucleus fert egg -> 2N diploid zygote

other sperm fert polar cell with two 1N nuclei -> 3N triploid endosperm

Question 8

composites

Answer 8

specialized flowers

Question 9

why so much flower diversity?

Answer 9

pollination

Question 10

types of pollination

Answer 10

cross

self

Question 11

cross-pollination

Answer 11

pollen trans to different individual of same species (geneti material exchange)

Question 12

self-pollination

Answer 12

pollen trans to stigmas of same flower (no genetic exchange)

Question 13

strategies to avoid self-pollination

Answer 13

timing - male / female mat at different times
morphological - male / female structure prevents poll
biochemical - chemical on surface of pollen and stigma/style prevents pollen tube germ on same flower

Question 14

Types of pollination

Answer 14

wind
water
animals
- birds
- bats
- insects
--- bees
--- butterflies
--- moths
--- beetles

Question 15

benefits of wind pollination

Answer 15

no need to attract insects
small flowers on long stalks to catch wind
huge quantities of pollen grains prod

Question 16

___ and __ of pollen is related to mode of pollination

Answer 16

shape, form

wind pollinated:
- lightweight, small, smooth

animal pollinated:
- sticky, barbed grains

Question 17

why do animals pollinate plants?

Answer 17

food reward

pollen - high in protein
nectar - sugary sln in flower glands (nectaries)

Question 18

coevolution

Answer 18

interaxn bt two different species as selective forces on each other -> interdependency.

plants evolve to attract pollinators, animals evolve body parts/behaviors to aid pollination

Question 19

wind pollinated flowers

Answer 19

small petals
no scent, nectar
small, smooth pollen grains
large anthers/stigmas

Question 20

insect pollinated flowers

Answer 20

large, bright petals
scent/nectar
large, sticky pollen grains
anthers and stigmas within flower to contact pollinator once inside

Question 21

bird pollinated flowers

Answer 21

red or yellow flowers
little/no odor
lots of nectar
large, sticky pollen
tubular shape with some

Question 22

bat pollinated flowers

Answer 22

white flowers
open at night
lots of nectar, strong odor
sturdy

Question 23

bee pollinated flowers

Answer 23

yellow and blue flowers
pollen guides
good scents
lots of nectar and pollen
landing platforms

Question 24

butterfly / moth pollinated flowers

Answer 24

red and orange - butterfly
white - moth
scented
tubular

Question 25

fly / beetle pollinated flowers

Answer 25

dull 
strong odor (bad)

Question 26

insects cheating plants

Answer 26

nectar-robbers

Question 27

plants cheating insects

Answer 27

insect mimicry