2 ... 16 - Flowers

Question 1

Modified leaf functions

Answer 1

tendrils
spines
window leaves
insect traps
bracts to attract pollinators

Question 2

tendrils

Answer 2

attaches plant to other objects, often nearby plants

Question 3

spines

Answer 3

provide protection / defense

Question 4

window leaves

Answer 4

capture sunlight for photosynthesis while allowing the plant to retain water

Question 5

insect traps

Answer 5

carnivorous plants have modified leaves to function as traps

Question 6

bracts

Answer 6

floral modifications, serve to attract pollinators

Question 7

phyllotaxy

Answer 7

arrangement of leaves on a stem (highly ordered)

based on Fibonacci sequence

Question 8

alternate leaves

Answer 8

one leaf per node

Question 9

opposite leaves

Answer 9

two leaves per node

Question 10

whorl

Answer 10

circle of leaves at same level

Question 11

flower

Answer 11

determinate shoot of the sporophyte, bearing modified leaves for reproduction

Question 12

angiosperms

Answer 12

flowering plants

Question 13

4 whorls of flower (exterior to interior)

Answer 13

sepals (collectively calyx)

petals (collectively corolla)

stamen / androecium (male parts)

carpel / gynoecium (female parts)

Question 14

androecium

Answer 14

filament

anther (contains pollen sacs)

Question 15

gynoecium

Answer 15

stigma
style
ovary

Question 16

Complete flowers

Answer 16

have all 4 whorls

Question 17

Incomplete flowers

Answer 17

missing 1 or more whorls

grass!

Question 18

perfect flowers

Answer 18

both male and female structures within same flower

Question 19

imperfect flowers

Answer 19

only stamens or carpels, not both

two types.. monoecious, dioecious

Question 20

monoecious

Answer 20

separate male or female flowers on same plant

Question 21

dioecious

Answer 21

separate flowers on separate male and female plants

Question 22

hypogynous

Answer 22

superior ovary… parts attached below ovary

Question 23

perigynous

Answer 23

superior ovary… sepals, petals, stamens fused to form cup around ovary

Question 24

epigynous

Answer 24

inferior ovary, parts attached above ovary

Question 25

regular flower symmetry

Answer 25

radial symmetry

structures in different whorls are of similar shape and equidistant

Question 26

irregular flower symmetry

Answer 26

bilateral symmetry

structures in at least one whorl are different

Question 27

_____ used to determine genes involved in floral organ placement

Answer 27

Mutants

Question 28

homeotic mutants

Answer 28

several mutants changed identity of specific whorls

Question 29

A class gene

Answer 29

controls whorl 1 and 2

A class mutant:

1. carpel
2. stamen
3. stamen
4. carpel

Question 30

B class gene

Answer 30

controls whorl 2 and 3

B class mutant:

1. sepal
2. sepal
3. carpel
4. carpel

Question 31

C class gene

Answer 31

controls whorl 3 and 4

C class mutant:

1. sepal
2. petal
3. petal
4. sepal

Question 32

Why is the ABC model important?

Answer 32

1. evolutionary context… understanding flower shape

2. genetic engineering perspective… organ types

Question 33

inflorescence

Answer 33

arrangement of one or more flowers on an axis

Question 34

spike

Answer 34

sessile (stalkless) flowers on axis

Question 35

raceme

Answer 35

flowers attached to axis via stalks (pedicels)

Question 36

panicle

Answer 36

compound raceme (branched pedicels)

Question 37

umbel

Answer 37

flat topped where pedicels arise from same point on peduncle

Question 38

head

Answer 38

large receptable with many small flowers (sunflower)

Question 39

catkin

Answer 39

spike like with unisexual flowers subtended by bracts