F ... 18 - Ethnobotany Flashcards
define ethnobotany
study of interactions of plants and humans
centers of diversity
- primary
2. secondary
primary center of diversity
region where particular crop originated, and where max diversity of that crop is present
secondary center of diversity
regions which crop is introduced and domesticated
When did plant breeding likely start?
10k years ago
____ of crops has occurred through plant breeding.
Domestication
Common traits bred for in domestication
reduction of seed dispersal increased yield, size change in growth pattern better taste/storage resistances increased ploidy
ploidy
of complete sets of chromosomes
haploid
gametes
diploid
zygote
triploid
breeding between diploid and tetraploid
- sterile
Types of ploidy possible
tetraploid, hexaploid, octoploid
top center of origin
China
5 most produced crops
sugarcane corn rice wheat potato
herbs
aromatic leaves
spices
aromatic stems, fruits, seeds, roots, bark
plant products?
food drinks herbs spices oils fibers, paper, wood dyes
bioprospecting
drugs and medicines found by plant screening
zoopharmacognosy
animals self-medicating by eating pharmacologically actice plants
three structural classes of metabolites
alkaloids
terpenoids
phenolics
alkaloids
derived from amino acids
contain N, includes stimulants and narcotics
terpenoids
derived from isoprene units
phenolics
products of phenylpropanoid metabolism
flavonoids, anthocyanins, and related compounds
true poisons
strychnine tree
poison hemlock
cyanide
