2 ... 14 - Stems and leaves

Question 1

Principal functions of stems?

Answer 1

support

conduction

Question 2

Define nodes

Answer 2

where leaves or branches are produced

Question 3

Define internode

Answer 3

stem between two nodes

Question 4

Tunica

Answer 4

L1 & L2 layers of meristem… divide anticlinally

Question 5

Define anticlinal division

Answer 5

in plane perpendicular to surface of meristem

Question 6

Corpus

Answer 6

L3+ layers of meristem… divide periclinal

Question 7

Define periclinal

Answer 7

parallel to apical surface

Question 8

SAM produces…

Answer 8

both leaf and bud primordia

Question 9

Bud primordia develop into…

Answer 9

lateral shoots

Question 10

Stem internal organization types?

Answer 10

1. continuous ring of vascular tissue (w/ pith)
2. gapped ring of vascular tissue (w/ pith)
3. scattered vascular tissues

Question 11

Open vascular bundles

Answer 11

give rise to vascular cambium and continue to divide

Question 12

Closed vascular bundles

Answer 12

entirely surrounded by sheath of cells… mature, cannot divide further

Question 13

Describe eudicot stems

Answer 13

Ringed vascular bundles

Question 14

Describe monocot stems

Answer 14

scattered vascular bundles

Question 15

Define leaf traces

Answer 15

extensions of vascular system from stem into leaf

Question 16

Define branch traces

Answer 16

leaf traces in lateral shoots that will end in leaves

Question 17

Primary functions of leaves?

Answer 17

photosynthesis
gas exchange
transpiration

Question 18

Distinguish leaf from leaflet?

Answer 18

Buds found in axils of leaves.

leaflets all lie in same plane, leaves do not.

Question 19

Describe sessile leaves

Answer 19

occasionally found in eudicots, common in grasses and monocots… no petioles.

Question 20

Internal leaf structure

Answer 20

Xylem ABOVE phloem… vascular bundle ~inbetween

Question 21

Two types of leaf parenchyma cells?

Answer 21

Palisade

Spongy

Question 22

Describe palisade parenchyma

Answer 22

column-shaped, perpendicular to surface… contains chloroplasts. most photosynthesis occurs here.

Question 23

Describe spongy parenchyma

Answer 23

irregularly shaped… next to intercellular spaces, usually at bottom of leaf. few chloroplasts

Question 24

difference in upper/lower leaf surface?

Answer 24

upper: fewer stomata, palisade parenchyma
lower: more stomata, spongy parenchyma

Question 25

Describe ‘sun leaves’

Answer 25

thicker, multiple layers of palisade parenchyma, more vascular tissue

Question 26

Describe ‘shade leaves’

Answer 26

thinner, single layer of palisade parenchyma, fewer vascular bundles

Question 27

Eudicot leaf epidermis

Answer 27

puzzle-shaped cells and random stomata

Question 28

Monocot leaf epidermis

Answer 28

linear arranged cells, rowed stomata

Question 29

Eudicot leaf venation

Answer 29

netted, reticulated

Question 30

Monocot leaf venation

Answer 30

parallel

Question 31

Define bundle sheath cells

Answer 31

large parenchyma cells with many chloroplasts

Question 32

Kranz anatomy

Answer 32

ring of bundle sheath cells that surround vascular bundle… carry out first steps of C4 photosynthesis

Question 33

Bulliform cells

Answer 33

narrow, elongated epidermal cells involved in folding/unfolding (rolling) of grass leaves often during water loss or drought.