F ... 21 - Seedless Vascular Plants

Question 1

plant adaptation to land… what was required?

Answer 1

protection from dehydration
efficient transfer system for water / nutrients
greater structural support

Question 2

protection from dehydration accomplished by…

Answer 2

thicker cuticles
stomata
protection of spores/gametes

Question 3

efficient transfer system for water/nutrients accomplished by…

Answer 3

xylem - water

phloem - nutrients

Question 4

greater structural support accomplished by…

Answer 4

addition of lignin to cell wall

Question 5

Vascular plants have ___

Answer 5

abundant branching

• apical meristems, vascular system, rigidity

Question 6

vascular plants have ___, ___ ___ generations

Answer 6

larger, dominant sporophytes

Question 7

homosporous

Answer 7

produce only one kind of spore (each with both sexes)

Question 8

heterosporous

Answer 8

produce two different types of spores (different sexes)

• prod of microspores -> male gametophyte
• prod of megaspores -> female gametophyte

Question 9

5 phyla of seedless vascular plants

Answer 9

1. Rhyniophyta (extinct)
2. Zosterophyllaphyta (extinct)
3. Trimerophytophyta (extinct)
4. Lycopodiaphyta (EXTANT)
5. Pteridophyta (EXTANT)

Question 10

Lycopodiaphyta

Answer 10

complex branching
roots, stems, leaves
microphyll leaves
homo and heterosporous

Question 11

Pteridophyta

Answer 11

three different groups

• wisk ferns
• horsetails
• ferns (majority)

Question 12

whisk ferns

Answer 12

2 living genera
branching
stem only
no roots
no leaves
homosporous

Question 13

horsetails

Answer 13

1 extant genus
no branching
roots, stems, leaves
microphyll leaves
homosporous
large sporophyte generation

Question 14

ferns

Answer 14

no branching
roots, stems, leaves
megaphyll leaves
homosporous
large sporophyte generation
spores on sori on leaves

Question 15

microphylls

Answer 15

small leaves with single unbranched vein

lycophytes

Question 16

megaphylls

Answer 16

larger, branched vascular system

ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Question 17

what’s so great about a leaf?

Answer 17

greater photosynthesis (+ surface area)
greater mvt of substances and water (+ transpiration flow)
better gas exchange (efficient photosyn)