Eye Semiology Flashcards
Abducents palsy
Inability to abduct the eye
Meningeal process (meningitis), neuropathy (DM), Cavernous sinus dz (carotid artery anurysm, rhinocerebral mucor), and dz with inc intracranial pressure (brain tumor)
Arcus senilis
White cornela ring associated with hyperlipidemia in pts under 40
Argyll Robeertson pupil
Damage to EW nucleus…neurosyphilis orignally
Small and do not react to light but do constrict to accommodation
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta - recurrent bone fractur,e short stautre, scoliosis, hearing loss and ksin laxity
Cotton wool spot
White retinal lesions reflecting micro-infarct…seen in many dz includes DM and HTN
Diabetic retinopathy
As for HTN, may see microvascular comps
Potential finding include microaneurysms, intraretinal microhemorrhages, cotton wool, flame hemm, and vessel prolif
Should NOT produce papilledema alone
Hollenhorst crystal
Small bright lesion in small retinal arteyr indicating cholesterol embolization and atheroscleoris
Holmes-Adie syndrome
Part of systemic neruologic syndrome manifested as an irregular dilated pupil that has delayed constriction to light
Unilateral initially but progresses to both eyes and can be associated with areflexia
These pupils respond briskly to instilled meds, underscoring that the patho involves detervation
HTN retinopathy
Papilledema with other findings means grade 4
Intranuclear opthalmoplegia
Damage to MLF, NOT a cranila nerve palsy
Inability to adduct eye to involved side - uni or bi…may be nystagmus of abducting
MS is most common but also BS stroke can cause
Marcus gunn pupil
INvolved eye does not react to ligth directly but does constrict to light into oppostie eye
Oculomotor palsy
DOwn and out
Unilaterla ptsosi
Dilated pupil
Pupillary constriction fibers run outside and extraocular muscles in corse
Partial oculomotor palsy can occur with nerve core infarction (spares pup function) or early in course of ext compression (only a blown pupil)
Papilledema
Blurring of optic disc margins produced by increased ICP transmitted through optic nerve
As such, any disorder to ICP can produce - malignant HTN, brain tumor or abscess, meningitis - retinal vein occulsion can cause without ICP
Roth spot
Hemorrhage within a cotton wool spot
Initially in infective endocarditis but also in SLE< DM< and leukemia
Xanthelasma
Yellowish subq lipid collection adjacent to medial canthus of eye that is indiciative of hyperlipidemia
