ENT Semiology

Question 1

Apthous ulceration

Answer 1

Painful lesion triggered by minor trauma

If diffuse musocsal and CNS - Behcets dz

Question 2

Coating of the tongue

Answer 2

Dead cells and microbiral colonizatio

Candidiasis (burning pain), leukoplakia or secondary syphilis

Question 3

Epiglottitis

Answer 3

H. influ in childhood

Sore throat, diff phonation, dysphagia, odynophagia, dyspnea, and drooling

Get surgical consult and DO NOT swab

Question 4

Epistaxis

Answer 4

Nodebleed

Anterior - nares of upright
Post - throguh pharynx where it is coughed up

Ask about bleeding diathesis

Question 5

Franks sign

Answer 5

Diagonal earlobe crease - associated with CAD and peripheral vasscular dz

Question 6

Gingibal hyperplasia

Answer 6

Most common is phhytoin use

Others coud be CCBs or cyclosproine

AML may mimic

Question 7

Glossitis

Answer 7

Abnormality of the tongue…chornic could mena nutritional def

Question 8

Gorlin sign

Answer 8

Ability to touch nose with tongue

Ehlers-danlos

Question 9

Hoarsenss

Answer 9

If over 3 weeks get laryngoscopic exam…neoplasm/nerve damage

Question 10

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 10

immunocompromised due to HHV8

Question 11

Kopliks spot

Answer 11

White lesion on a red base found on buccaL mucosa and lips in measles

Question 12

Lead lines

Answer 12

Grey blakc dots 1mm from the free margin of the gym

Heavy metal toxicity…NOT present if teeth absent

Question 13

Leukoplakia

Answer 13

Pre-malignewnt associated with tobacoo use

Hairy - lateral aspect in immunocmp reflecting EBV induced hyperplasia

Question 14

Lemieeres

Answer 14

Pharyngitis due to fusobacterium that invades tissues and spreads to carotid sheath producing spetic thrombosis of the jugular vein

Fever, neck stiffness, dysphagia

Tenderness of jaw angle and SCM

May embolize to lung as spetic PE

Question 15

Ludwigs angina

Answer 15

Infection of mandibular teeht with ext into submandibular space

Elevates floor of mouth and tongue leading to obstruction

Question 16

Macroglossa

Answer 16

Most commonly due to inflammation or trauma from caustic ingestions or allergic rxns…can also be finding in hypothyroidism, acromegaly and amyloidosis

Question 17

Nasal pruritis

Answer 17

Intense and unrelieved pruritis has been associated with brain tumor…floor of 4th ventricle

Question 18

Nasal spetal perforation or saddle nose deformity

Answer 18

GPA, syph, sarcodisos, polychondritis

Saddle nose is dep over nasal bridge caused by collapse of underlying cartilage

Question 19

Parotitis

Answer 19

Viral infection, inflam condutoujns

unilateral swelling, tenderness, and fever suggest acute bacterial parotitis caused by impacted calculus (Stpah aureus)

Painless enlargement = alcohol

Question 20

Pharyngeal exudate

Answer 20

Strep pyo…also fuso, EBV, gonorrhea, and others

Most in children with headache, diff swallowing, and fever/sore throat

Triad or objective fever, exudative pharyngtiis and tender anterior cervical adenopathy

Question 21

Pharyngreal pseudomembrane

Answer 21

Corynebacterim diptheria

Can lead ot bulls neck, fever, weaknbess, heart failure nad bad breath

Question 22

Rhinorrhea

Answer 22

Acute rhinitis

CSF rhinorrhea - fistula bt nose and subarachnoid space and inc risk of minigitis

Question 23

Tooth tenderness

Answer 23

Tooth abscess in DKA

Max teeth may be tender with max sinusitis

Question 24

Tragus sign

Answer 24

Tenderenss with tragus dep means otitis externa

Question 25

Vertigo

Answer 25

Rotary unsteadiness

Nausia, pallor, sweating

CN8 exam and drug/alcohol use