ENT Semiology Flashcards
Apthous ulceration
Painful lesion triggered by minor trauma
If diffuse musocsal and CNS - Behcets dz
Coating of the tongue
Dead cells and microbiral colonizatio
Candidiasis (burning pain), leukoplakia or secondary syphilis
Epiglottitis
H. influ in childhood
Sore throat, diff phonation, dysphagia, odynophagia, dyspnea, and drooling
Get surgical consult and DO NOT swab
Epistaxis
Nodebleed
Anterior - nares of upright
Post - throguh pharynx where it is coughed up
Ask about bleeding diathesis
Franks sign
Diagonal earlobe crease - associated with CAD and peripheral vasscular dz
Gingibal hyperplasia
Most common is phhytoin use
Others coud be CCBs or cyclosproine
AML may mimic
Glossitis
Abnormality of the tongue…chornic could mena nutritional def
Gorlin sign
Ability to touch nose with tongue
Ehlers-danlos
Hoarsenss
If over 3 weeks get laryngoscopic exam…neoplasm/nerve damage
Kaposi sarcoma
immunocompromised due to HHV8
Kopliks spot
White lesion on a red base found on buccaL mucosa and lips in measles
Lead lines
Grey blakc dots 1mm from the free margin of the gym
Heavy metal toxicity…NOT present if teeth absent
Leukoplakia
Pre-malignewnt associated with tobacoo use
Hairy - lateral aspect in immunocmp reflecting EBV induced hyperplasia
Lemieeres
Pharyngitis due to fusobacterium that invades tissues and spreads to carotid sheath producing spetic thrombosis of the jugular vein
Fever, neck stiffness, dysphagia
Tenderness of jaw angle and SCM
May embolize to lung as spetic PE
Ludwigs angina
Infection of mandibular teeht with ext into submandibular space
Elevates floor of mouth and tongue leading to obstruction
Macroglossa
Most commonly due to inflammation or trauma from caustic ingestions or allergic rxns…can also be finding in hypothyroidism, acromegaly and amyloidosis
Nasal pruritis
Intense and unrelieved pruritis has been associated with brain tumor…floor of 4th ventricle
Nasal spetal perforation or saddle nose deformity
GPA, syph, sarcodisos, polychondritis
Saddle nose is dep over nasal bridge caused by collapse of underlying cartilage
Parotitis
Viral infection, inflam condutoujns
unilateral swelling, tenderness, and fever suggest acute bacterial parotitis caused by impacted calculus (Stpah aureus)
Painless enlargement = alcohol
Pharyngeal exudate
Strep pyo…also fuso, EBV, gonorrhea, and others
Most in children with headache, diff swallowing, and fever/sore throat
Triad or objective fever, exudative pharyngtiis and tender anterior cervical adenopathy
Pharyngreal pseudomembrane
Corynebacterim diptheria
Can lead ot bulls neck, fever, weaknbess, heart failure nad bad breath
Rhinorrhea
Acute rhinitis
CSF rhinorrhea - fistula bt nose and subarachnoid space and inc risk of minigitis
Tooth tenderness
Tooth abscess in DKA
Max teeth may be tender with max sinusitis
Tragus sign
Tenderenss with tragus dep means otitis externa
Vertigo
Rotary unsteadiness
Nausia, pallor, sweating
CN8 exam and drug/alcohol use
